Anthro Quiz 1

The study of humankind in all times and places.

a fundamental principle of anthropology: that the various parts of human culture and biology must be viewed in the broadest possible context in order to understand their interconnections and interdependence.

Looking at the world and reality based on the assumptions and values of one's own culture.

the use of anthropological knowledge and methods to solve practical problems, often for a specific client.

the systematic study of humans as biological organisms; also known as biological anthro.

a branch of biological anthro that uses genetic and biochemical techniques to test hypotheses about human evolution, adaption, and variation.

the study of the origins and predecessors of the present human species; the study of human evolution.

focusing on the interaction of bio and culture.

the study of living and fossil primates.

applied subfield of physical anthro that specializes in the identification of human skeletal remains for legal purposes.

study of customary patterns in human behavior, thoughts, and feelings. it focuses on humans as culture-producing and culture-reproducing creatures.

a society's shared and socially transmitted ideas, values, and perceptions, which are used to make sense of experience and generate behavior and are reflected in that behavior.

a detailed description of a particular culture primarily based on fieldwork.

on location research.

in ethnography, the technique of learning a people's culture through social participation and personal observation within the community being studied, as well as interviews and discussions with individual members of the group over an extended period of time.

the study and analysis of different cultures from a comparative or historical point of view, utilizing ethnographic graphs and developing anthropological theories that help explain why certain important differences or similarities occur among groups.

the study of human languages- looking at their structure, history, and relation to social and cultural contexts.

the study of human cultures through the recovery and analysis of material remains and environmental data.

a branch of archaeology tied to government policies for the protection of cultural resources and involving surveying and/or excavating archaeological and historical remains threatened by construction or development.

based on observations of the world rather than on intuition or faith.

a tentative explanation of the relationships between certain phenomena.

in science, an explanation of natural phenomena supported by a reliable body of data.

the group of mammals that includes lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans.

the class of vertebrate animals distinguished by bodies covered with fur, self-regulating temperature, and, in females, milk producing mammary glands.

the smallest working units in the system of classification. among living organisms, species are populations or groups of populations capable of interbreeding, and producing fertile viable offspring.

in the system of plant and animal classification, a group of like species.

the science of classification.

a rodlike structure of cartilage that, in vertebrates, is replaced by the vertebral column.

the evolutionary process through which factors in the environment exert pressure, favoring some individuals over others to produce the next generation.

a portion of the DNA molecule containing a sequence of base pairs that is the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity.

alternate forms of a single gene

the complete structure sequence of DNA for a species.

a kind of cell division that produces new cells having exactly the same number of chromosome pairs, and hence copies of genes, as the parent cell.

a kind of cell division that produces the sex cells, each of which has half the number of chromosomes found in other cells of the organism.

the alleles possessed for a particular gene.

the observable characteristics of an organism that may or may not reflect a particular genotype due to the variable expression of dominant and recessive alleles.

in biology, a group of similar individuals that can and do interbreed.

all the genetic variants possessed by members of a population.

changes in allele frequencies in populations also known as microevolution.

chance alteration of genetic material that produces new variation

chance fluctuations of allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population.

the introduction of alleles from the gene pool of one population into that of another.

a series of beneficial adjustments to the environments.

active at night and at rest during the day

living in the trees

active during active during the day and at rest at night.

a suborder of the primates that includes lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers.

a suborder of the primates that includes New World monkeys, old world monkeys and apes.

in the alternate primate taxonomy, the suborder that includes lemurs and lorises without the tarsiers.

in the alternate primate taxonomy, the suborder that includes: tarsiers, monkeys, apes and humans.

a primate infraorder that includes old world monkeys

a primate infraorder that includes old world monkeys, apes, and humans.

the taxonomic division superfamily within the old world primates that includes gibbons, simians, orangutangs, gorillas, chimps, bonobos, and humans.

african hominoid family that includes humans and their ancestors.

the taxonomic subfamily or tribe within the primates that includes humans and our ancestors.

the number of each tooth type on one half of each jaw. unlike other mammals, primates possess equal numbers on their upper and lower jaws so the dental formula for the species is a single series of numbers.

within a single species, differences between males and females in the shape or size of a feature not directly related to reproduction, such as body size or canine tooth shape and size.

vision with increased depth perception from two eyes set next to eachother allowing their visual fields to overlap.

complete 3dimensional vision from binocular vision and nerve connections that run from each eye to both sides of the brain, allowing nerve cells to integrate the images derived from each eye.

a shallow pit in the retina of the eye that ables an animal to focus on an object while maintaining visual contact with it's surroundings.

a species' way of life considered in the full context of its environment, including factors like diet, activity, terrain , vegetation, predators, prey and climate.

an animal with a backbone, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

the braincase of the skull

a large opening in the skull through which the spinal cord passes and connects to the brain.

the collarbone connecting the sternum (breastbone) with the scapula (shoulder blade).

the broad powerful shoulder joints and muscles found in all the hominoids, allowing these large-bodied primates to hang suspended below the tree branches.

the shoulder blade

using the arms to move from branch to branch. with the body hanging suspended beneath the arms.

having the ability to grasp.

able to bring the thumb or big toe in contact with the tops of the other digits on the same hand or foot in order to grasp objects.

a unit of primate social organization composed of fifty or more individuals who inhabit a large geographic area together.

the group or community an animal has inhabited since birth.

the geographic area within which a group of primates usually moves.

observed ranking systems in primate societies ordering individuals from high (alpha) to low standing corresponding to predictable behavioral interactions including domination.

the ritual cleaning of another animal's coat to remove parasites and other matter.

in some primate females, the time of sexual receptivity during which ovulation is visibly displayed.

moment when an egg released from the ovaries into the womb is receptive for fertilization.

mating for life with a single individual of the opposite sex.

tending to promote social cohesion.

concern for the welfare of others expressed as increased risk undertaken by individuals for the good of the group.

an object used to facilitate some task or activity.