Chapter 2: Seeing and Thinking Sociologically

Social position acquired through our own efforts or accomplishments or taken on voluntarily

Social position acquired at birth or taken on involuntarily later in life

Subgroup of a triad, formed when two members unite against the third member

Theoretical perspective that views the structure of society as a source of inequality, which always benefits some groups at the expense of other groups

Language, values, beleifs, rules, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a society

Group consisting of two people

theoretical perspective that focuses on gender as the most important source of conflict and inequality in social life

Process through which people's lives all around the world become economically, politically, environmentally, and culturally interconnected

Set of people who interact more or less regularly and who are conscious of their identity as a unit

Unintended, unrecognized consequences of activities that help some part of the social system

intended, obvious consequences of activities designed to help some part of the social system

Culturally defined standard or rule of conduct

Large, complex network of positions, created for a specific purpose nd characterized by a hierarchical division of labor

colection of individuals who are together over a relatively long period, whose members have direct contact withh and feel emotional attachment to one another

set of expectations_rights, obligations, behaviors, duties_associated with a particular status

Frustration people feel when the demands of one role they are expected to fulfill clash with the demands of another role

Relatively impersonal collection of individuals that is established to perform a specific task

Stable set of roles, statuses, groups, and organizations_such as the institution of education, family, politics, religion, health care, or the economy_ that provides a foundation for behavior in some major area of social life

Population of people living in the same geographic area who hare a culture and a common identity and whose members fall under the same political authority

Any named social position that people can occupy

theoretical perspective that posits that social institutions are structured to maintain stability and order in society

Something used to represent or stand for something else

Theoretical perspective that explains society and social structure through an examination of the micro-level, personal, day-to-day exchanges of people as individuals, pairs, or groups

Group consisting of three people

standard of judgment by which people decide on desirable goals and outcomes