The best definition of the study of the interaction of specific human cultures with their environment is:
F. cultural ecology
The term which best describes a member of a society in which animal husbandry is viewed as the ideal way of making a living and in which movement of all or part of the society is considered a normal and natural way of life is:
H. pastoralist
The term which best describes something which comprises the physical environment and the organisms living within it is:
F. ecosystem
The term which best describes in cultural evolution, the development of similar adaptations to similar environmental conditions by peoples of quite different cultural backgrounds:
J. convergent evolution
The term which best describes the number of people who can be supported by the available resources at a given level of technology:
A. carrying capacity
The term which best describes societies in which family groups are equal in status and have equal access to resources:
D. egalitarian
The term which best describes the features of a culture that play a part in the society's way of making a living:
E. culture core
The term which best describes a group's means for obtaining and allocating resources to care for the survival needs of its members:
B. subsistence pattern
The term which best describes a two-way adjustment of those changes made by an organism on its environment and those induced by the environment on the organism:
A. adaptation
The term which best describes a geographic region in which a number of different societies follow similar patterns of life:
I. culture area
What term best describes areas where such crops as manioc are produced?
B. New World tropical wetlands.
Which term best describes subsistence food production using simple hand tools?
E. horticulture.
Which term best describes a variety of full-time occupations first appearing in nonindustrial cities?
D. specialization of labor
What term best describes areas where such crops as maize, beans and squash are produced?
A. New World dry lands.
What term best describes a practice which is also known as swidden farming?
B. slash-and-burn horticulture.
What term best describes communities made possible from intensive agriculture?
G. nonindustrial cities.
What term best describes a practice which often employs irrigation, fertilizers and plows to produce a surplus?
E. intensive agriculture.
What term best describes a practice which first became necessary in horticultural communities?
A. land ownership
Which term best describes a system which requires production of a surplus and the existence of a centralized government:
D. redistribution
What term best describes artifacts used in the production of goods?
D. tools.
Which term best describes the display of wealth to gain prestige?
I. conspicuous consumption.
Which term best describes the overall process by which goods are produced, distributed and consumed in a society?
B. economic system.
Which term best describes the exchange of goods and services of about equal value?
G. reciprocity.
Which term best describes an exchange in which the giving and the receiving are specific as to the value of the goods and the time of their delivery?
D. balanced reciprocity.
Which term best describes one type of division of labor common in more complex societies?
G. craft specialization.
Which term best describes an exchange in which neither the value of what was given is calculated nor the time of repayment specified?
B. generalized reciprocity.
Which term best describes the exchange of goods between two groups, each of which calculates relative value?
D. barter.
Which term best describes social obligations that function so that no individual accumulates more wealth than another in a society?
F. leveling mechanism.
Which term best describes an exchange in which the giver tries to get the better of the exchange?
I. negative reciprocity.
Which term best describes the cargo position with the largest number of 'openings' each year?
B. mayordomo.
Which term best describes a system which discourages the accumulation of wealth?
C. leveling mechanism.
Which term best describes slash-and-burn corn planting?
F. milpa.
What social rule forbids sexual relationships between specified relatives?
A. incest taboo.
Which term best defines marriage within a certain group or category?
H. endogamy.
Which term best defines the custom that a widow marries a brother of her dead husband?
C. levirate.
Which term best defines marriage outside the group?
A. exogamy.
Which term best defines a custom which includes rights of sexual access and eligibility to bear children?
G. marriage.
Which term best defines a marriage form in which the woman takes more than one husband at the same time?
A. polyandry.
Which term best defines a marriage form in which the man takes more than one wife at the same time?
B. polygyny.
Which term best defines people who are related by marriage?
E. affinal kin.
Which term best defines an obligation undertaken by a husband to the bride's family?
F. bride service.
What term best defines the common residence pattern in North America?
B. neolocal residence.
Which term best describes family formed on the basis of marital ties?
A. conjugal family.
Which term best describes taking care of the young; an important function of the family?
E. nurturance.
Which term best describes a married couple living in a locality associated with the husband's father's relatives?
A. patrilocal residence.
Which term best describes a family unit composed of husband, wife and dependent children?
C. nuclear family.
Which term best describes a collection of nuclear families related by ties of blood?
F. extended family.
Which term best describes a unilineal descent group composed of at least two clans that supposedly share a common ancestry?
G. phratry.
Which term best describes each group that results from division of a society into two parts on the basis of descent?
I. moiety.
Which term best describes descent than can be traced through either parent for purposes of group membership?
H. ambilineal descent.
Which term best describes a group claiming relationship to a common ancestor for purposes of group membership, although relationship cannot actually be traced?
H. clan.
Which term best defines relationships by birth?
C. consanguineal.
Which term best describes descent traced through each parent, each for separate purposes?
H. double descent.
Which term best describes a corporate descent group whose members can trace their links to a common ancestor?
I. lineage.
Which term best describes the belief that people are related to animals, plants, or natural objects because of their descent from common ancestral spirits?
B. totemism.
Which term best describes descent through females?
C. matrilineal.
Which term best describes a relationship defined by marriage?
I. affinal relationship.
Which term best describes descent traced through males?
A. patrilineal.
Which term best describes something which often identifies the comparative importance of various relatives to an individual?
F. kinship terminology.
Which term best defines the individual at the center of a kindred?
A. ego.
Which term best describes a system in which an individual feels related equally to all near relatives of both parents?
C. bilateral kinship.
Which term best describes a system in which cross cousins on the mother's side are merged with the mother's generation?
A. Omaha kinship terminology system.
Which term best describes the most precise of kinship terminology systems?
F. Sudanese kinship terminology system.
Which symbol is used to identify a male in a kinship diagram?
H. triangle.
Which term best describes a relatively limited group of people related to one living individual through both parents?
F. kindred.
Which term describes brothers and sisters?
G. siblings.
Which term best describes a system used in Anglo-American and Inuit societies?