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STROKE
Signs: Depends on which part of brain! Headache, hypertension, facial weakness, lowered LOC, lowered ability to communicate, pupil size, numbness, new onset paralysis / slurred speech / blurred vision.
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CONVULSIONS / EPILEPSY
Signs: Hypoxia, changes in mood/behaviour, lowered levels of consciousness, confusion, jerking movements, jaw clenching, sleepy, rigidity.
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MENINGITIS
Signs: Stiff neck, headaches, rash, convulsions, lowered LOC, fever, vomiting, confusion, high RR.
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SEPTACAEMIA
Signs: Stiff neck, headaches, rash, convulsions, lowered LOC, fever, vomiting, confusion, high RR.
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ANAPHYLAXIS
Signs – bronchospasm, decreased heart output, vasodilation (leaky vessels), oedema, rash, swelling, prickly lips, high pulse, flushed, SOB / DIB, pelic pain, D&V, headache, anxiety, incontinence.
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PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Signs (PE) – high RR, tachycardia, chest pain, SOB, cough, ECG changes, pain in one calf.
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ANEURYSM
Signs – sudden constant ripping / tearing chest pain. Can be mistaken for ACS. May radiate. ECG changes. Decrease in pulse strength. Differing BP between arms.
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ANGINA
Signs – pain behind sternum, radiating to jaw and teeth. Short sharp breathing. Pale.
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HEART FAILURE
Signs – fatigue, dyspnoea, congestion, oedema, worsening cough, pink frothy sputum, waking at night, anxiety, restlessness.
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ACS (ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME)
Signs – crushing chest pain, may refer to abdo/neck/jaw/arms/shoulders. If this leads to an MI, patient will have sweaty clammy skin and be cold to touch.
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CHOLESYSTITIS
Signs – sharp upper right abdo pain, pain worse on deep breaths and palpation, high temperature, nausea, history of fat intolerance.
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COPD
Signs – Cough, blue tinge (bronchitis), tachycardic, high RR, low SPO2, wheeze (bronchitis), slow cap refill, lower LOC, peripheral oedemas, high BP., quiet chest (emphysema).
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ASTHMA
Signs – Inability to complete sentences, low SPO2, DIB, SOB, poor peak flow, high RR, tachycardic, cyanosis, silent chest (if life-threatening), exhaustion, confusion.
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PNEUMONIA
Signs – cough, fever, high RR, bubbly chest, pain.
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DIABETES
Signs – Thirst, thrush, dysuria, blurred vision, slow-healing wounds, tiredness, weight loss. Hypo – polyuria, keto breath, dehydration, signs of shock, lethargy, confusion, hyperventilation, laboured RR, weight loss, lowered LOC. Hyper – sweating, shaking, aggressive, confusion, lowered LOC.
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