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Define Anatomy
Study of structure and shape of body and its parts
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Define Physiology
Study of how the body and its parts work or function
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How are anatomy and phsyiology related?
Form (anatomy) determines function (physiology)
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Methods and their description used to study anatomy
- PAID - PM
- Palpation - touching
- Auscultation - listening
- Inspection - looking
- Dissection - cutting
- Percussion - tapping
- Medical imaging - non-invasive radiology
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Describe methods used to study physiology
- PEN
- Pathophysiology - how diseases being and develop
- Endocrinology - physiology of hormones
- Neurophysiology - physiology of nervous system
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Explain how anatomical and physiological variation can impact patient care
When A&P is taught, a reference man and reference woman is used. Each patient does not always fit the reference man/woman anatomy and physiology. Failure to recognize this variation can result in overmedication and medical mistakes.
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List and define the charateristics of life
- Olives Make Really Good Meals DERE
- Organization - Cells are basic unit; boundaries related to function
- Movement - Locomotion; movement of substances
- Responsiveness - Ability to sense change and react
- Growth and Development - Increase cell size and number; change in form
- Metabolism - Production, use and storage of energy
- Digestion - Breakdown of food into simple molecules that can be absorbed by the body
- Excretion - Elimination of waste
- Reproduction - Production of new cells; production of progeny
- Evolution - Changes occur over time through mutation
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Explan how body is organized from simplest level of organization to most complex
- Organism contains
- Organ Systems contains
- Organs contains
- Tissues contains
- Cells contains
- Organelles contains
- Molecules contains
- Atoms
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List 11 organ systems of the body and their major function
- CELS Really Never Did U Much In Remebering
- Cardiovascular - Transport
- Endocrine - Slow acting control system; secretes regulatory hormones
- Lymphatic - Disposes of debris; involved in immunity
- Skeletal - Protects and supports body organs
- Respiratory - keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removed C02
- Nervous - Fast-acting control system; activates muscles and glands
- Digestive - Breaks down food; allows for nutrient absorption
- Urniary - Eliminates waste; maitains acid/base balance
- Muscular - Allows locomotion; produces heat
- Integumentary - protects; synthesizes Vitamin D
- Reproductive - produces offspring
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Explain homeostatisis and its importance
- Homeostatsis is a state of dynamic equilibrium.
- Helps keep the body relatively contant and operate normally
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Explain a homeostatic mechanism and how it works
- Stimulus - Receptor - Control Center - Effector
- 1) Stimulus produces change in variable
- 2) Change detected by receptor
- 3) Input information sent from receptor to control center on afferent pathway
- 4) Output information sent from control center to effector on efferent pathway
- 5) Effector response feeds back to influence magnitude of stimulus and returns variable to homestatisis
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Explain negative and positive feedback and how they relate to homeostatsis
- Negative Feedback is when the homestatic mechnism brings the variable back to the set point
- Positive feedback is when the homeostatic mechanism pushes the variable further and further from the set point
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Demonstrate the anatomic position
- - All joints extended
- - palms supinated
- - Feet flat on floor
- - Arms at sides
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Describe 3 common body planes
- Saggital - divides L and R sides of body
- Transverse - divides superior and posterior parts of body
- Frontal - divides anterior and superior parts of body
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List the body cavities and the organs they contain
- Dorsal (back of body) - brain, vertebral column
- Ventral (front of body) - Thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity
- Thoracic - lungs, heart
- Abdominal - digestive organs, kidneys, ureters
- Pelvic - bladder, reproductive organs, rectum, urethra, reproductive organs
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Describe what role serous membranes play in forming body cavities
Line the body cavity and the visceral organs and seperate organs from each other
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List the 9 abdominopelvic regions
- Left hypochondriac
- Epigastric
- Right hypochondriac
- Left lumbar
- Umbilical
- Right Lumbar
- Left inguinal
- Hypogastric
- Right inguinal
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Identify the organs of the integumentary system
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Identify the organs of the skeletal system
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Identify the organs of the muscular system
Skeletal muscles
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Identify the organs of the nervous system
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Identify the organs of the endocrine system
- Thyroid glands
- Ovaries
- Testes
- Adrenal glands
- Pancreas
- Thymus gland
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Identify the organs of the cardiovascular system
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Identify the organs of the lymphatic system
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Identify the organs of the respiratory system
- Nasal cavity
- Trachea
- Larynx
- Bronchii
- Lungs
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Identify the organs of the digestive system
- Oral cavity
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Large intestine
- Small intestine
- Rectum
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
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List the organs on the Urinary system
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Bladder
- Urethra
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List the organs in the Reproductive System
- Woman:
- Ovaries
- Vagina
- Uterus
- Man:
- Penis
- Testis
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