Spine short answers

List the 4 different subtypes of neural tube defects

List 5 risk factors for poor healing in a type 2 odontoid fracture

A child with a hemivertebra. What are 3 indications for being able to perform a hemiepiphysiodesis

Give 4 factors that are prognostic of neurologic deficit in patients with vertebral osteomyelitis

An adolescent with a major right-sided thoracic curve with also a left-sided thoracolumbar curve. A - List 3 radiographic signs that would suggest that the TL curve is not compensatory but is a primary curve as well B - List 5 things that can predict skeletal age of the patient (? What are 5 ways to assess her skeletal maturity?)

A 14 year-old girl is diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and a right main thoracic curve. Name 3 radiologic factors that would suggest that the lumbar curve is also structural.

4 ways to assess spinal injury intra-op

List three neurologic features of a Brown Sequard syndrome. (3)

What are 4 MRI findings of a patient with scoliosis and neurofibromatosis?

What are 3 cervical spine findings in Down syndrome?

What are 3 conditions that have dural ectasia?

Please list the dermatomes for the following: medial knee, groin, medial calf, clavicle

What are two important considerations to take into account for placing C1-C2 trans-artricular screws.

Central cord syndrome

List 3 physical findings of sacral sparing in a spinal cord injury.

List 3 components of the Lenke classification.

List 11 muscle groups that are important to test for the ASIA classification and give their respective myotome level.

Using the ASIA classification, state the myotome associated with each of the following muscle groups:A - 3rd digit DIP flexionB - wrist extensionC - long toe extensorsD - Voluntary anal control

List 3 spinal conditions that will light up on a gadolinium enhanced MRI.

List 4 dysplastic features seen in developmental spondylolisthesis that would indicate a risk for progression.

Name the following Dermatomes: Nipple line, Umbilicus, Groin, medial calf

What is the formula for pelvic incidence

Three reasons for the progression of congenital kyphosis

List 8 organ systems associated with congenital scoliosis

List 3 radiographic features associated with C2-3 pseudosubluxation

List 3 anatomic features associated with C2-3 pseudosubluxation

List 5 radiographic or clinical features suggesting an unstable C-spine injury

List 3 considerations for applying a pediatric halo safely

List 3 ways to do a posterior C1-2 fusion

List 4 risk factors for developing SMA syndrome with doing peds scoliosis surgery

List 4 criteria for selective throracic fusion in AIS

List 4 findings in the cervical spine of a pediatric patient that can be confused with cervical spine trauma

Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis are known to have sacroiliitis. List 3 other clinical findings that are used for the diagnosis of Ankylosing Spondylitis

3 findings of an incomplete spinal cord injury

6 types of spondylolisthesis by etiology (Wiltse classification)?

3 radiographic or clinical signs of thoracolumbar instability?

4 surgical indications in rheumatoid spine?

3 complications of vertebroplasty?

List 4 prognosis factors for future instability in pediatric spine tuberculosis.

TB spine risk of progression

List 5 radiographic signs suggestive of juvenile idiopathic arthritis of the cervical spine.

Name 4 radiographic risk factors for progression in infantile scoliosis

Describe 4 standard physiologic maneuvers used in spine surgery that are neuroprotective to spinal perfusion.

Name 3 upper extremity and 3 lower extremity findings of cervical myelopathy.

Give 5 indications to order an MRI in pediatric spine scoliosis patients

What spinal pathology is seen in Achondroplasia (4)

What findings are seen in Scheuermann's Kyphosis (4)

Give 3 contraindications to laminoplasty in treating cervical stenosis

What age related changes are seen in the disc degeneration (3)

What factors can affect SSEP readings aside from neurologic injury? (4)

4 Complications of ACDF

Describe 3 C-spine deformities seen in RA

Give 3 ways of causing iatrogenic spondylolisthesis

4 things one can do to treat dural tear