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Define integumentary system?
- Covers the entire body
- Meets mucous membranes
- Composed of skin and it's derivatives: hair,
- Nails, sweat, oil, mammary glands
- (cutaneous membrane)
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What is the function of the integumentary system?
- Physical protection
- Regulation of body temperature
- Excretion
- Nutrition-vitamin D
- Sensation
- Immune defense
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Name the two primary parts of the integumentary system?
- Cutaneous membrane (skin)
- Accessory Structures
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The cutaneous membrane (skin) contains what three parts?
- Epidermis (upon)
- Dermis
- Hypodermis (below)
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What three structures make up the accessory structures?
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Where is the loose connective tissue, areolar located?
Directly underneath the epidermis
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What is the dense irregular connective tissue?
- "Little net"
- Collagen fibers
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What type of epithelium is the epidermis?
Stratified squamous
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Name the cells of the epidermis?
- Keratinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Merkel cells
- Langerhans cells
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What are the function of Merkel cells? What type of cell is it?
- They allow the sensation of touch
- Nerve cells
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What is the function of Langerhans cells within the cutaneous membrane?
- Phagocytosis
- Looking of pathogens
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What is the function of melanocytes withing the cutaneous membrane?
- Pigment producting (fixed connective tissue proper)
- Prevents U.V. damage
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What are the most abundant cells within the cutaneous membrane?
- Keratinocytes
- Form 4-5 layers
- Produce Keratin
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From the basal lamina (basement membrane) name the layers of epithelium?
- Stratum Germinativum (basale)
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Lucidum
- Stratum Corneum
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What cells do the stratum germinativum contain?
- Basal cells (large stem cells)- mitosis
- attached to basal lamina
- Melanocytes-melanin
- Merkel cells
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What cells do the stratum spinosum contain?
- Daughter cells-kerantinocytes
- Langerhans cells-immune system
- Melanocytes
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What cells do the stratum granulosum contain?
- Large amounts of keratin and
- Keratohyalin granules cells die-
- tight interlocked layer of keratin fibers
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Where is stratum lucidum found? What is the function?
- Only in thick skin
- Palms, soles of feet flattend
- Packed with keratin; glassy
- Extra protection and water resistent
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What cells do the stratum corneum contain?
- Surface layer of flat, dead cells
- Keratinzed
- Surface coated with glands
- Sweat and oil
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How many days does the skin move from germinativum to corneum?
15-30 days
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How long does the skin stay at the stratum corneum? Why?
- 2 weeks
- It's moving away from the nutrient supply
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What is Dermal Papillae?
Finger prints, grip
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Name the two layers of the dermis?
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What is within papillary layer of the dermis?
- Loose connective tissue (areolar)
- Blood capillaries
- Free nerve endings (sensation/pain)
- Dermal papillae-cone shaped (finger prints)
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Where is the papillary layer of dermis located? How much of the dermis does it make up?
- Directly under the epidermis
- 1/5 of the dermis
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What does the reticular layer of the dermis contain? How much of the dermis does it account for?
- Collagen fibers and dense irregular connective tissue
- Blood vessles, hair folicles, nerves, sweat, glands
- Oil glands
- 4/5th
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What is the function of the hypodermis? What does it contain?
- Stabilize the skin-independent movement
- Fat cells (adipocytes)
- Elastic
- Large arteries and veins-hypodermic needles
- (collagen fibers from dermis extend down to this layer)
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What are hair follicles? What is their function?
- Epidermal structure
- Protects scalp from UV light
- Cushions a blow to the head
- Insulation for skull
- Guard entrances to the nostrils and external ear canal
- Eyelashes
- Sensory base of hair shaft=early warning system
- Arrector pili elevates hair
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What gland surrounds every hair follicle?
- Sebaceous gland
- (looks like cauliflower)
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Define sebaceous glands?
- Waxy, oily secretion into
- Hair follicles (holocrine)
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What is the purpose of sebum?
Lubricantion and inhibits growth of bacteria.
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What are the two sudoriferous glands?
- Merocrine (eccrine)
- Apocrine
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What is the function and purpose of the merocrine secretion of sweat?
- Numerous, widely distributed secretion 99% water
- Thermoregulation
- Excretion
- Protection
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Where are apocrine glands located? When are they activated?
- Groin, nipples, armpits
- Begin secreting at puberty
- May contain pheromones
- Viscous, cloudy, odorous secretion-bacteria
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What happens to the apical portion of an apocrine cell?
Pinches off and enters the lumen of the gland
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What does holocrine mean?
Membrane rupturing
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Define cancer
Abnormal cell mass
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What are the two types of cancer? Define them.
- Benign-does not spread
- Malignant-metastasized (moves) to other parts of the body
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What is the ABCD rule?
- A-Asymmetry. Two sides of pigmented mole do not match
- B-Border Integrity. Borders of mole are not smooth
- C-Color. Different colors in pigmented area
- D-Spot is larger then 6mm in diameter
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