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List three endocrinopathies associated with SCFE
- Hypothyroid
- Panhypopit
- GH deficiency
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List 5 reconstruction options with a type II periacetabular primary bone tumor
- Uncemented cup
- Cemented poly
- Cup cage
- Custom triflange
- Trabecular metal augments
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Patient with a type II anterior tibial eminence fracture:
What is the main block to reduction
What are the associated complications
Intermeniscal ligament and anterior horn of medial meniscus
ACL laxity/instability, Anterior impingement
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List 6 risks during spine or other orthopedic procedures that can lead to postop vision loss
- Hypotension
- Improper padding
- Prolonged surgical time > 6hours
- Intra op anemia
- Obesity
- PVD
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Question about the Henry approach
What is the superficial interval
What two neurovascular structures will you encounter between the middle and distal thirds of the approach
Name 4 muscles to remove off the radius from the volar side to plate the whole bone
What structure is at risk when doing the deep interval in the proximal third of the approach
Interval: PT and BR proximal (Medial and radial), Distal FCR and BR
Radial artery, superficial radial nerve
PQ, PT, Supinator, FPL
PIN
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You are treating a 8 year old patient with open reduction of the lateral condyle fracture. List 3 surgical considerations
- Avoid posterior dissection
- Ensure anatomic alignment articular surface
- Fixation with pins or screw from lat to medial
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What are 6 factors that are associated with failure of treatment of DDH with a brace
- Begin treatment > 6 weeks
- Teratogenic
- Male
- Bilateral
- Irreducible at presentation
- Compliance by parents
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List six principles in the management of severe hallux valgus
- Need proximal procedure
- Fusion if OA
- Fusion if CP
- Fusion if RA
- Fusion if hypermobile
- Fusion if recurrence
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What is the etiology and radiographic findings in weightlifter shoulder disease
Etiology: Repetitive microtrauma
Xray: Distal clavicle osteolysis
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What are 6 radiographic findings associated with non accidental trauma in pediatric patients with no metabolic bone disease
- Posterior rib fracture
- Corner fracture
- Fractures at different stages of healing
- Skull fractures
- Long bone in non ambulatory children
- Transphyseal fractures
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Patient presenting with a tibial open fracture, fill in the Tetanus table below
Unknown immunization + clean wound
Unknown immunization + dirty wound
Immunization > 10 years + clean wound
Immunization > 10 years + dirty wound
Immunization <10 years + clean wound
Immunization <10 years + dirty wound
Unknown immunization + clean wound: Toxoid only
Unknown immunization + dirty wound: Toxoid + immunoglobulin
Immunization > 10 years + clean wound: toxoid only
Immunization > 10 years + dirty wound: toxoid and immunoglobulin
Immunization <10 years + clean wound: nothing
Immunization <10 years + dirty wound: TOxoid if dose > 5 years
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List three deformities associated with a subtrochanteric femur fractures and list two surgical techniques/aids to help you in reduction for each of them
Deformities
Proximal fragment: Flexed, abducted, ER
- Techniques
- Nail in lateral decubitus
- Joystick fragments with steinman pins
- Open reduction
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List 6 factors associated with Dupuytren’s disease
- Family history
- Gender: male 2:1
- Caucasian of northern european descent
- HIV
- ETOH
- DM
- Antiseizure meds
conditions: Ledderhose, Peyronies, Garrod
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What is the difference between concealment of allocation and blinding
COncealment allocation: Prevent selection bias . the ones who randomize patients from knoweing the sequence of randomization
Blinding: Keeping participants, care providers, collecting data and analyzing data unaware of which intervention is being administered
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List 4 principles of causality
- Temporal relationship
- DOse response relationship
- Biologic plausibility
- Consistency: same findings by different people at different times
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List 5 reamer characteristics to decrease intramedullary pressure while reaming
- Deeper flutes
- Narrow diameter core
- Hollow reamer
- Conical
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List 4 major criteria to diagnose fat embolism
- Hypoxia: PaO2 <60
- Axillary or subconjunctival petachiae
- Pulmonary edema
- CNS depression dysproportionate to hypoxemia
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List 4 minor criteria to diagnose fat embolism
- HR > 110
- Temp > 38.5
- Fat in urine
- Fat in sputum
- Emboli in retina on fundoscopy
- Thrombocytopenia
- Elevated ESR
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List 6 radiographic findings associated with FAI
- Posterior wall sign
- Crossover sign
- Increased alpha angle
- Decreased head-neck ratio
- Acetabular protrusio
- CEA > 40
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List 6 etiologies associated with sclerosing periosteal reaction and cortical thickening in infancy and young children
- Fracture
- Osteomyelitis
- Ewings sarcoma
- EG
- Pagets
- Periosteal osteosarcoma
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Define the following: complete, complex, synonychia
- Complete: Up to tip of finger
- Synonichia: Nail bed deformity
- Complex: Bony deformity
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When treating a transverse femoral fracture in a child, what are 4 surgical technique considerations to prevent failure of implant fixation and loss of reduction
- Elastic nail fill 80% diameter
- Pre bend: Maximal separation at the fracture site
- Nails tapped across fracture site in alternating pattern to prevent malreduction
- Use retrograde double C configuration for 3 point fixation
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What are the 3 advantages of using a distal femur locking plate vs a 95 degree angle DCS in a comminuted metaphyseal fracture
- Can control multiple fragments
- Preservation of periosteal blood supply
- Minimally invasive proximal locking options
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List 4 indications for operating the cervical spine in a RA patient
- ADI > 10
- PADI < 13
- Neurologic symptoms
- Cervicomedullary angle > 135
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List the 4 deformities IN ORDER that need to be corrected in clubfoot
CAVE
- Cavus hindfoot
- Adduction forefoot
- Varus hindfoot
- Equinus
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List 8 radiographic findings in aortic dissection (repeat)
- Widened mediastinum
- DOuble aortic knob sign
- Irregular aortic contour
- Tracheal deviation
- L sided hemothorax
- Depressed L maintem brochus
- Elevated R mainstem bronchus
- Apical pleural hematoma
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List 6 principles of tendon transfer (Repeat)
- Supple joint
- DOnor expandible
- Synergistic function
- Power 4+ or better
- Appripiate excursion
- Pull in line
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List 6 orthopedic manifestations that helps in diagnosis of Marfan’s syndrome (new Q)
- Pectus excavatum or recarvatum
- Aracnodactyly
- Scoliosis
- Pes planus
- Coxa profunda
- Ligamentous laxity
- Dural extasia
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List 6 neurologic causes of cavus foot
- CMT
- Freidrich ataxia
- Polio
- Stroke
- Tethered cord
- spinal dysraphism
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List 5 reduction techniques to use in proximal tibia fractures
- Unicortical plate
- Nail in semi extended position
- Supra patellar nailing
- Pollar screw: posterior and lateral
- Start point lateral and posterior
- Femoral distractor
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List 3 techniques to check for proper femoral rotation during femoral nailing
- Use anteversion built onto nail
- Smooth transition of cortical thickness
- COmparison of LT profile to contralateral side
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List 3 criteria for an acceptable reduction of femoral neck fractures
- Double S on lateral
- Garden lines: 160 on AP and 180 on lateral
- Neck shaft angle 130-150
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List the 3 findings in sacral sparing
- Voluntary anal contraction
- Preserved perianal sensation
- Flexion of big toe: FHL
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What are 6 relative indications for doing an MRI in scoliosis
- Infantile scoliosis
- Juvenile Scoliosis
- COngenital scoliosis
- Abnormal neuro exam
- Abnormal curve patterns: left thoracic
- Rapid progression
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List 3 local adverse effects of metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty
- Pseudotumor
- Osteolysis
- Sterile joint effusions
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List 4 surgical considerations to take into account when doing a total shoulder arthroplasty in a B2 glenoid
- Eccentric reaming
- Glenoid component augments
- SLight undercorrection and component positioning in retroversion
- Downsizing glenoid
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List 3 risk factors to developing metastasis in soft tissue sarcoma
- Depth below fascia
- Size > 5cm
- High grade
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List 6 complications associated with valgus medial opening HTO
- Compartment syndrome
- Non union
- Patella baja
- Infection
- Increasing tibial slope
- Fracture
- Painful hardware
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List 4 patient related risk factors associated with increased infection in total joint replacement
- Revision
- Obesity
- DM
- RA
- Malnutrition
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List the 3 most common indications for reoperation after a terrible triad fixation
- Arthrofibrosis
- Hardware fixation problems
- Intability
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List 6 indications to fix a humeral shaft fracture
- POlytrauma
- Impending pathologic
- FLoating elbow
- Segmental
- Open
- Vascular injury
- Brachial plexus
- Failed conservative
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List 4 glenohumeral ligaments
- SGHL
- IGHL
- MGHL
- Coracohumeral ligament
-
List 4 stabilizers of the AC joint
- Trapezoid tendon
- Conoid tendon
- CA ligament
- AC joint capsule
- Deltoid/trap
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List 4 indications for a hemiresection-interposition arthroplasty of the DRUJ
- DRUJ OA
- DRUJ instability
- RA
- Rotational contractures
-
List 4 risk factors for neurological procession in vertebral osteomyelitis
- MRSA
- RA
- Delayed treatment
- DM
- Steroids
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Name 5 Indications for immediate amputation following trauma
- Crush injury > 6 hrs warm ischemia
- Non reconstructible soft tissue injury
- Non reconstructible soft tissue trauma
- To save ppt life
- COmplete transection of tibial nerve
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