Safe and Effective Use of Pesticides, 3rd Edition CHAPTER 04

Groundwater contamination is a problem when using persistent pesticides.  T OR F
True False

Pesticides that drift from the target site can cause injury to nontarget organisms.  T OR F
True False

Applying pesticides to an unfamiliar site can result in contamination of nearby sensitive areas.   T OR F
True False

Point source pollution comes from pesticides that have been spilled over a wide area.   T OR F
True False

Nonpoint source pollution comes from pesticides that move into streams or groundwater following a broadcast application to a large area.   T OR F
True False

Direct channel pollution can from come from washing equipment and dumping the rinse water close to a well.   T OR F
True False

2.1  A measure of the ability of a pesticide to dissolve in a solvent.

A) persistence
B) solubility
C) adsorption
D) volatility

2.2   The process whereby a pesticide binds to soil particles.

A) volatility
B) persistence
C) solubility
D) adsorption

2.3   The ability of a pesticide to remain present and active in its original form for an extended period before breaking down.

A) adsorption
B) solubility
C) volatility
D) persistence

2.4   The tendency of a pesticide to turn into a gas or vapor.

A) solubility
B) persistence
C) volatility
D) adsorption

3.1   Pesticides applied ass small droplets when nozzles are too far from the target.

spray drift
vapor drift
particle drift
runoff
leaching

3.2   Volatile pesticides applied when air temperatures are high and soil is dry and sandy.

spray drift
vapor drift
particle drift
runoff
leaching

3.3   Dust formulations applied just before or during windy conditions.

spray drift
vapor drift
particle drift
runoff
leaching

3.4   Soluble pesticides applied just before heavy rain.

A) runoff
B) vapor drift
C) leaching
D) particle drift
E) spray drift

3.5   Persistent pesticides applied to the soil.

A) leaching
B) runoff
C) spray drift
D) vapor drift
E) particle drift

Soil conditions are pesticides more likely to leach through soil?

a. heavy clay soil, low organic matter, groundwater shallow.
b. heavy clay soil, high organic matter, groundwater deep.
c. sandy soil, low organic matter, groundwater shallow.

Which of the following may produce a pesticide residue on a crop that exceeds legal tolerances?

A. allowing pesticide residue drift onto the crop from a nearby area.
B. avoiding applications close to or during harvest times.
C. using the lowest effective rate of pesticide active ingredient.

What is the definition of pesticide residue?

A. what remains on treated surfaces for a time after application.
B. the unsightly and unnecessary by product of a pesticide application.
C. how a pesticide kills the target pests upon application.

What contributes to buildup of pesticide residues?

a. misinterpreting the weather forecast and making your application just before heavy rain.
b. agitating a pesticide mixture too much before and during your application.
c. failing to account for organic matter content of soil before determining the correct application rate.

What causes pesticide residues to accumulate in an area?

a. applying over a large application site
b. applying the same pesticide for many years to the same site.
c. applying several different pesticides in a short time to the soil.

How can pesticide contaminate groundwater?

a. Geological layers at site are made up of permeable gravel deposits.
b. Aquifers located miles away from application site.
c. Groundwater far from surface under many layers of thick clay.

Pesticides cause indirect harm to nontarget organisms by _

a. leaving unsightly residues on surfaces.
b. altering their food sources or habitats.
c. increasing secondary pest infestations.