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Urinary system

  1. what parts make up the urinary system?
    • 2 kidneys
    • 2 ureters 
    • 1 urinary bladder 
    • 1 urethra
  2. what are the 5 functions of the urinary system?
    • formation of urine 
    • maintaining water, electrolyte and acid base balance 
    • excretion of waste products 
    • regulation of RBC production 
    • regulation of BP
  3. how much cardiac output do the kidneys receive?
    20%
  4. what artery does the oxygenated blood enter the kindeys from?
    renal artery
  5. what capillary network does the blood go through after the renal artery?
    glomerulus
  6. After the glomerulus capillary network where does the blood go through?
    peritubular capillaries
  7. what vein does the blood leave the kidneys from?
    renal vein
  8. what cavity do the kidneys sit in?
    abdominal cavity
  9. What vertebra do the kidneys sit between?
    T12 and L3
  10. what shape is a kidney and what does it weigh?
    • bean shaped 
    • 150g
  11. what are the three layers of the kidney?
    • outer layer- the capsule 
    • middle layer- cortex 
    • inner layer- the medulla
  12. what layer of the kidneys are the renal pyramids located?
    the medulla
  13. how many nephrons are in each kidney?
    1-2 million
  14. how long is each nephron?
    3 cm long tube
  15. where does filtration happen in the nephron?
    closed end between the glomerular capsule and the glomerulus
  16. what causes water and small molecules to pass from the blood into the filtration in the nephron?
    osmotic
  17. what do the ureters do?
    transport urine from kidneys to bladder via peristalsis
  18. how long are ureters? and what is their diameter?
    • 25-30 cm long 
    • 3mm
  19. what are the 3 layers of the ureters?
    • outer fibrous layer 
    • middle muscular layer 
    • inner mucosa of transitional epithelium
  20. what cavity does the bladder sit in the majority of the time?
    pelvic cavity
  21. What can happen to the bladder when full?
    it can rise up into the abdominal cavity
  22. what is the total capacity of the bladder?
    600 ml
  23. how many opening does  a bladder have?
    • 2 for the ureters
    • 1 for the urethra
  24. how long is a male urethra ?
    19-20 cm
  25. how long is the female urethra?
    4 cm long and 6 mm wide
  26. what is micturition?
    emptying the bladder
  27. when do the nerve endings in the outer layer send a signal to the brain to say it is full?
    300 to 400 ml full
  28. how much urine does the body excrete a day?
    1000 ml to 1500 ml a day
  29. what is urine composed of?
    • 96% water
    • 2 % urea 
    • 2% other salts, proteins and hormones
Author
davidgoddard93
ID
345380
Card Set
Urinary system
Description
Urine
Updated

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