Psychology Test Chapter 1

The school of pyschology that studies how humans have adapted the behaviors required for survival in the face of environamental pressures over the long course of evolution. it focuses on traits that exist in every member of a species.

a descriptive research method in which a single individual or a small number of persons are studied in great depth, usually over an extended period of time.

a procedure in which neither the participants nor the experimenter knows who is in the experimental and control groups until after the data have been gathered, a control for experiementer bias

the school of psychology that sees humans as active participants in their environment, studies mental processes such as memory, problem solving, decision making, perception, language, and other ofrms of cognition

a phenomenon that occurs when a researchers preconceived notions or expectations in some way influence participants behavior and/ or the researchers interpretation of experimantal results

the phenomenon that occurs in a experiment when a participants response to a treatment is due to his or her expectations about the treatment rather than to the treatment itslef

the first formal school of thought in psychology, aimed at analyzing the basic elements, or structure, of concious mental experience

the orderly, systematic procedures that researchers follow as they identify a research problem, design a study to investigate the problem, collect and analyze data, draw conclusions, and communicate their findings

an inert or harmless substance given to the control group in an experiment as a control for the placebo effect

the school of psychology founded by john b. watson that views observable, measurable behavior as the appropriate subject matter for psychology and emphasizes the key role of environment as a determinant of behavior

the process of objectively evaluating claims, propostions, and conclusions to determine whether they follow logically from the evidence presented

research conducted to seek new knowledge and to explore and advance general scientific understanding

an approach to the study of mental structures and processes that uses the computer as a model for human thinking

the term Freud used for both his theory or personality and his therapy, for the treatment of psychological disorders, the unconcious is the primary focus of psycholoanalytic theory, and the therapy uses free association, dream analysis, and transfernece

the school of psychology that emphasizes that individuals perceived whole is more than the sum of its parts.

an early school of psychology that was concerned with how humans and animals use mental processes in adapting to their environment.

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

research conducted specifically to solve practical problems and improve the quality of life

the school of psychology that focuses on the uniqueness of human beings and their capacity for choice, growth, and psychological health

a prediction about a cause-effect relationship between two or more variables