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Aseptic
Free of living pathogens
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Pathogens
disease causing microbes
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a way of working with microbial cultures that insures the environment, personnel, and the microbial cultures are NOT contaminated.
Aseptic Technique
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The transfers of culture material are achieved by using _______ ______ which are sterilized before and after coming in contact with the culture.
inoculating loops
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What must you do to the culture tube before getting a sample of the broth?
Pass the culture next to the hot opening several times to produce convection currents to minimize the chance of airborne contamination
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How many times should you pass the culture tube by the hot opening?
Twice, once before getting sample and once before putting the cap on to put away
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____broth cultures gently prior to obtaining inoculum by drumming your fingers on the tube or using a _____ ______.
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What is the proper method of labeling and incubating Petri plates?
Petri plates are labeled on the bottom and incubated inverted
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What will disinfection of the bench kill? Not kill?
destroy vegetative cells and viruses but generally will not destroy endospores.
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What is degerming? Sanitization? Disinfecting? Sterilizing?
- Hand washing
- autoclaving
- Scrubbing
- Inoculating
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Name the instrument commonly used in microbiological laboratories to sterilize materials prior to disposal. How is sterilization accomplished?
incinerator is used to sterilize the loop or needle by placing in the incinerator opening until they glow orange
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A culture with many different species of bacteria
Mixed
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__________ is the separation of different species in a sample or culture medium from each other
Isolation
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Isolated bacteria can be placed in new culture medium to have only one species of bacteria. Such a culture is called?
Pure Culture
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Two common methods of isolation
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The _______consists of identical cells, which are called _____, because they are all descended from a single, original cell.
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Streak plate procedure includes
Streaking the agar plate, and inoculating in between quadrants
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Overall shapes
- Round
- irregular
- filamentous
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Elevation characteristics
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Different species of bacteria come in a variety of shapes called ______ and ________(association with each other).
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Spherical shape of bacteria
Cocci
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Rodlike shape of bacteria
Bacilli
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Rigid spiral shape of bacteria
Spirilla
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Slightly curved rod bacteria shape
Vibrios
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Short rodlike shape of bacteria
Coccobacilli
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Flexible spiral shape of bacteria
Spirochetes
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Some bacteria have more than 1 or unusual arrangements. This is called?
pleomorphism
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a group of four cells
tetrad
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cube shaped group of cells
sarcina
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thread-like and branching pattern of growth
filamentous
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Negative stains are useful in observing ______, _____, & _____.
- Size
- arrangement
- morphology
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The negative staining technique uses a dye solution in which the ______
is acidic (gives up a hydrogen ion) and carries a negative charge
Nigrosine
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What causes a stain to adhere to bacterial cells?
Acidic
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Which 2 domains have similar characteristics?
Prokaryote and Archaea
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Which domain are extremophiles?
Archaea
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