Immunology 3

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What mediates the initial sensing of a challenge

pattern recognition receptors
what is a molecular pattern

shared molecular features that allow the immune system to identify a category of organism and/or potential threat
two main types of molecular patterns

PAMPS and DAMPS
what are PAMPS
- pathogen associated molecular patterns
- produced only by microbes
- compounds that are fundamental to integrity, survival, and/or pathogenicity of microbe
what are DAMPS
- produced by host cells that have undergone damage
- compounds that are not normally accessible to immune recognition
what are alarmins

DAMPS
Essential PAMP from bacteris

LPS-lipopolysaccharide
example of DAMPS
- necrosis
- injury
what is necrosis

unprogrammed cell death
4 major families of PRR
- Toll-like Receptors
- C-type Lectin
- NOD-like Receptors
- Rig-I-like Receptors
Function of TLR4

major PRR for detecting LPS
4 locations of PRRs

Soluble, within vesicles, cytoplasmic, membrane-bound
what is apoptosis

programmed cell death
PRRs activate immunological responses that are tailored to the type of threat they recognize

remember this
two main groups of leukocytes

lymphoids and myeloid
key cells in adaptive immunity
- B and T cells (lymphoid)
- Dendritic cell (myeloid)
3 key functions of DCs
- sentinels - to detect danger
- initiate - T lymphocyte activation
- direct - the course of the immune response
How do DCs intiate T cell activation

they present antigens to T and B cells
what is an antigen

a specific compound that is recognized by the receptor of a B or T lymphocyte
where do T cells and B cells spend much of their time

lymph nodes and spleen
how are antigens brought to the lymph nodes

lymphatic fluid
what is the structure and make up of lymph nodes

B cells, T cells and other cell types are arranged into zones that help the cells communicate in an organized way
where are DCs found throughout the body

near the body surfaces
what do DCs do when they are activated
- take up materials from the local environment
- present antigens at cell - surface
- Migrate to lymph nodes
- Up-regulate co-stimulatory molecules that activate T lymphocytes
central requirement for initial activation of lymphocyte
- recognitition of cognate antigen by antigen receptor
- co-stimulation provided by other receptors

Author

Sheilaj

345251

Card Set

Immunology 3

Description

Lec 5-6

Updated

2019-02-11T02:02:23Z