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Write diffusion equation.
Write it.
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Is the cell membrane lipid or water soluble? What can pass through?
- Lipid.
- Cholesterol.
- Testosterone.
- Estrogen. (Steroids)
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Atomic Mass.
Protons and neutrons.
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How do you get an isotope.
Change the neutrons.
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What if you change the number of protons in an atom?
You get a different element.
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What element is more abundant inside the cell?
K+
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What's an ionic bond?
One gives an electron, other takes.
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Non-polar covalent.
Equally sharing a bond.
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Polar covalent.
One pulls harder on the bond than the others.
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What are the ions that H+ can temporarily bind to?
F, O, N.
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Anabolism. Synthesis or breakdown?
Synthesis.
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Catabolism. Synthesis or breakdown?
Breakdown.
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Can enzymes reverse a reaction? Yes or no.
Yes.
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What's the solvent, what's the solute.
Solute is being dissolved in the solvent.
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pH of human blood?
7.35-7.45
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H+ to pH ratio?
H+ proportional to 1/pH.
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Alkelemia?
Blood is basic.
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Acidemia?
Blood is acidic.
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Mouth/throat. Acidic or basic?
Basic.
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Stomach. Acidic or basic?
Acidic.
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GI tract. Acidic or basic?
Basic.
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Where does a base dissolve?
D) A and C.
Like dissolves like.
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Where does an acid dissolve?
B) Stomach.
Like dissolves like.
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What are the three mono saccharides?
- Glucose.
- Fructose.
- Galactose.
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How do you get Maltose?
C) Glucose + Glucose.
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How do you get Sucrose?
B) Glucose + Fructose.
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How do you get Lactose?
B) Glucose + Galactose.
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What is stored sugar in the liver called?
Glycogen.
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Form bond.
A) Hydration.
B) Hydrolysis.
A) Hydration.
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Break Bond.
A) Hydrolysis.
B) Hydration.
A) Hydrolysis.
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Describe Primary protein structure.
The sequence of a chain of amino acids.
-
Describe the secondary protein structure. What does it look like?
Occurs when a sequence of amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds. Looks pleated or spiral.
-
Describe the tertiary protein structure. What does it look like?
The folding over of a protein.
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Describe the quaternary protein structure. What does it look like?
Two or more tertiary folded over into each other.
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What does the agonist do to the receptor?
Turns it on. Activates it.
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What does antagonist do to a receptor?
Turns receptor off. Blocks it from agonists. It can be "pushed off" by more agonists, however.
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What does the non-competitive antagonist do to the receptor?
"Cuts the line" of the receptor making the whole thing useless.
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Denaturation is?
Temporary or permanent change in the three-dimensional structure of a protein.
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Transcription.
DNA to RNA.
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Translation.
RNA to protein.
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Alcohol detox and breakdown?
A) Smooth ER.
B) Rough ER.
A) Smooth ER.
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What's the cytosol?
Liquid in the cells.
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Makes protein?
A) Smooth ER.
B) Rough ER.
B) Rough ER.
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Centrioles do what for the cell?
Complete cytokinesis.
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Transverse plane divides body into what?
Top and Bottom.
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Frontal plane?
Front and back halves.
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Sagittal plane?
Left and right halves.
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Difference between integral proteins and peripheral proteins?
Integral goes through while peripheral attaches to surface, acting like a marker.
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Four types of tissue?
- Connective.
- Muscular.
- Epithelial.
- Nervous.
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Squamas epithelial looks like?
Flat.
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Cuboidal epithelial looks like?
Cubes. Squares.
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Columnar epithelial looks like?
Columns. Tall.
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Simple epithelial is?
One layer. Good for diffusion.
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Sratified epithelial is for?
Protection from friction and stress. More than one layer.
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Keratin is found where?
Pretty much everywhere outside. Not inside like the anus, or the vaginal cavity. Protects from dehydration and the sun. Waterproof barrier.
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Difference between cilla and microvilli?
Cillia helps with movement, microvilli just increases surface area.
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What's a desmosome?
Attaches a cell to another cell.
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What's a Hemi-desmosome?
Attaches cell to basil lamina.
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Gap junctions in cells?
Hole that allow ions to pass through.
-
Tight junctions in cells?
Don't allow water to move.
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Basil lamina difference between clear layer and dense layer?
- Clear layer made from secretions of epithelials.
- Dense layer: layers of connective tissue.
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What lines body cavities?
A) Mesothelium.
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What is NOT a loose connective tissue?
C) Muscular.
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What does Benedryll do?
Anti-histamine.
-
Components of connective tissue?
- Matrix - Cement mix
- Fibers - Rebar
- Cells - Modify
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Where is reticular tissue?
Liver.
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What is Hyaline and what does it look like?
Cartilidge. Bug Eggs.
-
What does elastic cartilage look like?
Spider web.
-
What does Fibrous cartilage look like?
Big eye.
-
Basic func. unit of a bone?
Osteon.
-
3 Serious membranes surround?
-
What is a neuroglia?
Supply nutrients to neurons.
-
What a thrombocyte?
Platelet.
-
-
What are lymphocytes made out of?
B, T and N cells.
-
What do monocytes consist of?
Macrophages.
-
What are Eosinophils for?
Allergy, parasites.
-
What are Basophils for?
MAST cells, histomine release.
-
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is found where and what does it do?
Lungs. Moves mucus.
-
What does cuboidal or columnar tissue do?
Secretions or absorption.
-
What does squamas epithelium do?
Absorption and diffusion.
-
Where is mesothelium?
Lines body cavities.
-
Where is trasitional epithelium?
Bladder.
-
What kind of tissue is found in the urethra?
Stratified squamas.
-
What tissue is found in the salivary gland?
Stratified columnar epithelium.
-
What does goblet cells for?
Makes mucus.
-
4 cells of the epidermis?
- Keratinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Langerhans
- Merkal cells.
-
Most deadly skin cancer?
Melanoma.
-
Bone deposition break or create bone?
Create.
-
Bone resorption break or create bone?
Break.
-
Greenstick fracture?
Occurs in young, soft bone.
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