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respiratory system

  1. what is the composition for inspired air
    • 21 o2
    • 72 nitrogen 
    • 0.04 co2
    • water vapour
  2. what is the composition for expired air
    • 16 o2
    • 78 nitrogen 
    • 4 co2
    • water vapour
  3. what are the 4 sinuses
    • maxillary 
    • sphenoidal 
    • frontal
    • ethmoidal
  4. what are the main functions of the nose
    • warming the air we breathe
    • filtering and cleaning
    • humidification
  5. how many tonsils are there
    5
  6. what are the main functions of the pharynx
    • passage for air and food
    • resonating chamber for speech and sound
    • houses the tonsils
  7. what long is the pharynx
    12 - 14cm
  8. where do the pharynx start and finish
    starts behind the nasal cavity and ends at the cricoid cartilage
  9. what is the pharynx lined with
    mucous membrane and skeletal muscle
  10. where does the phrayngeal tonsils lie
    upper part of the nasopharynx
  11. the nasopharynx contains orrifices which open up to where
    the ears
  12. where does the oropharynx start and finish
    starts at the soft palate and ends at hyoid bone
  13. what pharynx are the palatine and lingual tonsils
    the oropharynx
  14. where does the laryngopharynx start and finish
    starts at the hyoid bone
  15. what does the larynx connect
    the laryngopharynx to the trachea
  16. where does the larynx start and finish
    c3 to c6
  17. what are the 3 cartilages in the larynx
    • cricoid 
    • thyroid
    • epiglotis
  18. what does the hyoid bone do
    anchor the tongue
  19. where is the thyroid cartilage
    side of thyroid notch
  20. where is the cricoid cartilage
    just below thyroid notch
  21. what is the thyroid cartilage
    • anterior wall of larynx and gives prominence 
    • connected to hyoid bone
  22. what is the structure of the trachea
    • 16  20 incomplete c shaped rings 
    • extends from larynx to the t5
    • 10-11cm long
  23. what are the layers of the trachea
    • outer - fibrous 
    • middle - cartilages and smooth muscle
    • inner - ciliated epithelium cont goblet cells
  24. where does the trachea terminate and what is it called
    t5 - carina
  25. what are the main functions of the trachea
    • support
    • muscociliary escalator 
    • cough reflex 
    • warming and humidifying air and filtering
  26. which bronchus is shorter and more vertical
    right
  27. what is the hilum
    the only passage into and out of the lungs
  28. what are wider passageways called
    conducting airways
  29. talk about the structural change in cartilage, smooth muscle and epithelial lining as the bronchi divide
    • large airways have rigid cartilage, but as they get smaller there is none as its presence would prevent gas exchange
    • smooth muscle replaces it to allow diameter to increase and decrease
    • the epethial lining goes from ciliated to non ciliated and goblet cells dissapear
  30. what is the lobules made up of
    • terminal bronchioles 
    • respiratory bronchioles
    • alveolar ducts
    • alveoli
  31. how many lobes does the right and left lung have
    • right 3 
    • left 2
  32. what are the 2 layers of serous membrane lining the lungs called
    pleura
  33. what is the inside layer of the pleura called
    visceral
  34. what is the outside layer of the pleura called
    parietal
  35. what is the space in between the visceral and parietal layer called
    the pleural space / cavity
  36. what is ventilation
    exchange of gases between atmosphere and alveolus
  37. what happens to pressure in the lungs when we inhale
    diaphragm moven down and contacts the intecostal moves up and out and pressure in the lungs becomes higher than atmosphere so gases are drawn out
  38. what percentage of air entry is the diaphragm responsible for
    75 percent
  39. what is the remaining capacity of gases in the respiratory passage called and how much is it
    anatomical dead space - 150 ml
  40. in normal breathing how much air is exchanged with each breath and what is this called
    500ml - tidal volume
  41. how do you calculate minute volume
    tidal volume x bpm
  42. what is daltons law
    each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as if other gases were not present
  43. what is external respiration
    exchange of gases between the alveoli and and the blood
  44. what is internal respiration
    exchange of gases between the blood and body cells
  45. where is the central chemoreceptors
    in the respiratory centre
  46. where is the peripheral chemoreceptors
    arch of aorta and bifurcation of common carotids
Author
Matthewspicer02
ID
345221
Card Set
respiratory system
Description
respiratory system
Updated

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