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Hypotension and Sepsis Drugs
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What is the action of vasopressor?
Vasoconstriction
What is the affect of vascular resistance with vasopressor use?
Increase systemic vascular resistance
What happens to blood pressure with vasopressor use?
Increases blood pressure
What is vasopressor used for?
Treat hypotension by increasing blood pressure
What is crystalloid?
IV fluids containing NaCl
What are the rationales for treating hypotension?
Increase cardiac output
Increase systemic vascular resistance
How is cardiac output increased?
Increasing blood volume via IV fluids
Stimulate heart contractility via inotropic drugs
How to increase systemic vascular resistance?
Using vasoconstrictor drugs
Whah normal serum osmolarity?
300 mOsm/L
What could excess chloride cause?
Hyper Chloe is metabolic acidosis
What is the recommended therapy to treat sepsis and septic shock?
Administration of IV antimicrobials
What is the recommended antimicrobial therapy for sepsis treatment?
Empiric broad-spectrum therapy to cover all likely pathogens (fungal and viral included)
What are the most likely microorganisms for intra-abdominal infections?
Enteric gram-negative rods and anaerobes
What is the regimen to treat intra-abdominal infections?
Cephalosporins with Metronidazole
True/False: metronidazole is a prodrug activated in susceptible organisms
True
False
True
Is metronidazole bactericidal or bacteristatic?
Bactericidal
Metronidazole is the drug of choice for which bacterial infection?
Anaerobic gram negative (ie. B. frag)
True/false: Metronidazole HAS aerobic gram positive coverage
Fals
True/false: Metronidazole does not have aerobic gram negative coverage
True
False
True
What is an aerobic intra-abdominal/ pelvic infection bug?
E. coli
Can metronidazole be used to treat E. coli?
No, metronidazole does not have aerobic gram negative coverage
What is the recommended first-choice vasopressor?
Norepinephrine
What is an alternative vasopressor to norepinephrine?
Dopamine, in Higley selected patients who are low risk of developing tachyarrhytmias
What is the recommended dosage for soap in for renal protection?
Low-dose
When is dobutamine a recommend vasoactive agent?
Persistent hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid loading and other vasopressors
What is the physiological respond to Beta one receptor stimulation?
Increases cardiac output
What is the physiological respond to alpha 1 receptor stimulation?
Vasoconstriction —> thereby increasing blood pressure
Name 3 catecholamines:
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
True/false: epinephrine at low dose has vasoconstriction ability by stimulating alpha 1 receptor
True
False
False, only at high dose epi does it have vasoconstriction
What occurs with low dose epinephrine?
Contractility
Vasodilation
What occurs with high dose epinephrine?
Contractility and vasoconstriction
True/false: at high dose epinephrine, there is no vasodilation but instead there is vasoconstriction
True
False
True
Does norepinephrine cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation?
Vasoconstriction
Name 4 vasoactive drugs that are catecholamines:
Epinephrine
Norepinpnephrine
Dopamine
Dobutamine
Which vasopressor is the main “code” vasopressor?
Epinephrine
True/false: epinephrine is the main agent used in CPR
True
False
True
What is vasopressin?
A non-peptide hormone formed in the hypothalamus to regulate fluid volume
A potent vasoconstrictor
True/False: vasopressin is ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
True
False
True
True/False: vasopressin is typically an add-on therapy to norepinephrine for added vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure
True
False
True
Is dobutamine an inotropic agent?
Yes
Is dopamine an inotropic agent?
No
True/False: Dobutamine is a vasoactive agent but not a vasopressor
True
False
True
Which receptors do dobutamine have an effect on?
Beta 1 and Beta 2
At which dosage of dopamine would there be vasoconstriction?
High dose
What receptors do high dose dopamine act on?
Beta 1 and Alpha
What happens physiologically with low dose dopamine?
Stimulate contractility and vasodilation
What happens physiologically with high dose dopamine?
Contractility and vasoconstriction, override previously seen vasodilation
What is a major side effect of beta agonists?
Cardiac arrhythmia
What is a side effect of beta agonists?
Cause angina by increasing myocardial O2 demand
What is an adverse effect of alpha 1 receptor mediate vasoconstriction?
Tissue injury from drug extravasation
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Author
lykthrnn
ID
345188
Card Set
Hypotension and Sepsis Drugs
Description
Cardiovascular Final
Updated
2019-02-07T00:21:52Z
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