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what types of organisms does mycology include?
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what are the common characteristics of fungi
- eukaryotic
- contains mitochondria and nucleus enclosed in nuclear membrane
- absorb nutrients
- aerobes
- grows best at neutral pH
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what are conidias?
spores
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what causes mycoses
is a fungal infection caused by yeasts or molds
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what are yeasts
single vegetative cells that reproduce by budding
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what are budding yeasts
- daughter cells
- "blastoconidiums"
- sexual reproduction
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budding yeast or blastoconidia
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know how part of the molds look like on an agar plate
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what are mycelium
- long strands of tube structures. "hyphae"
- contains both aerial mycelium and vegetative mycelium
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what are aerial mycelia
hyphae above the surface
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what are vegetative mycelium and its function
- the "roots" of the mold, that absorbs nutrients.
- are non reproductive
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what are the type of non reproductive mycelium
- favic chanderliers
- racquet
- spirals
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be familiar with different types of vegetative mycelium
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mycelium are long strands of tube structures
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what are microscopic characterstics of hyphae divided by
- septate
- aseptate
- dimorphic: meaning molds can grow to two phases, in both 25 and 32 C. Can convert from one form to another
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what mold phyla have septate hyphae
- Ascomycota
- basidiomycota
- deuteromycota
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what mold phyla have aseptate hyphae
Zygomycota
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what is phialoconidia
a type of asexual reproduction where sacs called phialoconidia produce conidia that are then blown out
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what are three types of asexual reproduction
- phialoconidia
- arthroconidia
- sporangiospores
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what is arthroconidia
a form of asexual reproduction where fertile hyphae fragment
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how do zygomycetes undergo asexual reproduction
by producing spores (sporangiospores) from within a sporangium
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how do some molds undergo sexual reproduction
two hyphae of different sexes fuse to produce a zygospore
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what are the characteristics of ascomycetes
- septate mycelium
- contain asexual spores: conidia
- contain sexual spores: ascospore
- geotrichum
- microsporum
- trichophyton
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what are characteristics of fungi imperfecti
- contains the majority of fungi
- cause infection
- asexual
- septate hyphae
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what are characteristics of basiomycetes
rare
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what are the 4 types of infection by fungi
- supericial: skin. minimal pathology
- cutaneous: scalp, hair, nails, feet
- subcutaneous: internal tissues, organs
- systemic: most come from lungs.
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what laboratory procedure must you follow when working with a specimen suspected of systemic fungal infection?
must work under laminar hood
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what are some fungi that cause superficial mycoses and what are their clinical symptoms (3)
- tinea nigra: brown, black patches on palms
- piedra: nodules of hyphae that attach to the hair shaft
- pietyriasis versicolor: depigmentation and scaling of skin
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what are some fungi that cause cutaneous mycoses and what do they cause
- below epidermal layer, on hair, nails
- cause: itching, scaling, ring like patches
- Genus: trichosporon, epidermyphyton, microsporum
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subcutaneous mycoses usually cause what type of clinical association
- occurs in deeper skin layers, affects muscle and connective tissue
- does NOT affect blood and organs
- cause: progressive and non healing ulcers. presence of draining sinus tracts
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systemic mycoses usually cause what kind of clinical association
- affects internal organs, primarily lungs
- transported by circulatory system
- causes: fever, fatique, cough, pain. Similar to cold symptoms
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