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describe ectoplast
- darker than endoplast
- f(x): protection, ingestion, excretion, respiration, movement
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describe endoplast
- has nucleus, lighter
- f(x): digestion (enzyme), reproduction
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what are the three types of appendages that comes from ectoplast
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describe the nucleus structure
- composed of nuclear membrane
- contains karysome, endosome
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describe cytokinesis
- can store glycogen, fat, different types of amino acid
- have organic and inorganic matter
- can move diffuse, cause problem, damage, disease
- some have sexual/asexual reproduction
- very complex
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describe the the types of movement
- slow movement: usually free living amoeba, pseudopodia
- fast movement: eruptive movement, usually sarcodina that is more commonly found in human body than animals
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how does flagella damage cells?
beating movement can cause tissue damage by inducing bleeding
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what type of protozoans are cilia most commonly found? complex or simple
name an example
- complex
- ex. Balantidium coli
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describe the three types of binary fission in protozoans (flagellets, cilliates, sarcodina)
- flagellates: longitudinal
- ciliates: transverse
- sarcodina: oblique
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what protozoan undergoes this type of binary fission?
flagellates
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what protozoan undergoes this type of binary fission?
ciliates
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what protozoan undergoes this type of binary fission?
"sarcodina" or amoeba
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what are the three types of asexual reproduction
- binary fission: 1 cell divides into 2 cells
- multiple fission: 1 cell with multiple nuclei divide into multiple cells
- schizogamy: organism splits into asexual and sexual parts
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what are the types of sexual reproduction?
- conjugation: temporary union of two cells where both nucleus transfers
- syngamy: permanent union where sperm gets inside egg and becomes a zygote. Ex) sexual intercourse
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what are the types of gametes (2)
- isogamete: 2 gametes resemble each other (same size)
- anisogamete: 2 gametes are different from each other with macro and micro gametes. Most gametes are this type
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what is excretion
- releasing waste material
- majority of protozoans use mouth for excretion
- some ciliates has cytophage (anus)
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what is a cyst
- inactive stage where a membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm
- used for protection
- excretion of cytoplasm composed of protein and sugar
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what conditions lead to the formation of cysts?
- decrs in food
- change in pH
- dessication (extreme dryness)
- incrs in catabolic or waste material
- change in amount of O2
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what are the three ways on how to ID parasites
- pathogenasity: how parasites damage, cause and inflammation, or lyse the cell
- symptomology: organisms that have obvious symptoms
- transmission: direct, indirect, contamination, sexual contact
- lab results
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what are the stage of pathogenacity
- acute: begining stages
- chronic: long term, much harder to get rid of
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most protozoa kills people at what stage of pathogenicity
chronic
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what are the 7 amoebas found in humans
- entamoeba histolytica
- entamoeba coli
- endolinax nana
- iodamoeba butchili
- entamoeba gingivata
- dientamoeba fragilis
- entamoeba hartmani
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what stage of pathogenicity do bacteria kill people?
acute
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what are 3 phases of protozoas
- trophozoite: active phase, larger, can move, reproduce, ingest food and cause problem
- pre-cyst: small, has less # of nuclei than cyst
- cyst: formation comes from cytoplasm, # of nuclei increase, can have 2-8 nuclei
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