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1. Define anatomy and physiology
Anatomy- the study of the body and its parts
Physiology- the study of how the body and its parts function or work
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2. Name and describe the 10 characteristics of life
Movement- gross or internal
Responsiveness- reaction to internal or external changes
Growth- the increase in size without changing shape
Respiration- use of oxygen; removal of co2
Reproduction- create offspring
Digestion- to break down food
Absorption- movement of substances through membranes and into fluids
Circulation- movement of fluids within the body
Assimilation- changing nutrients into chemically different forms
Excretion- removal of metabolic waste
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3. Name and describe the nine levels of structural organization in order from smallest to largest
- -atom
- -molecule
- -macromolecule
- -organelle
- -cell
- -tissue
- -organ
- -organ system
- -organism
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4. Define metabolism
The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life
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5. Name the five requirements of organisms
- -nutrients
- -oxygen
- -water
- -stable body temperature 98.6 F/37 C
- -appropriate atmospheric pressure
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6. Define homeostasis
Maintaining a stable internal environment
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7. Briefly explain negative feedback and positive feedback mechanisms
Negative feedback- returns the body towards set point
Positive- increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther away from set point
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8. Define the terms axial and appendicular
- Axial- head, neck, trunk
- Appendicular- upper and lower limbs
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9. Name the major body cavities and name the major organs found within each of those cavities
- Cranial- brain
- Vertebral- spinal cord
- Thoracic- heart, lungs
- Abdominopelvic- stomach, intestines, bladder
- Diaphragm- separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity
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10. Name of the thoracic and abdominopelvic membranes and define the terms visceral and parietal
- -left and right visceral/parietal pleura
- -visceral/parietal pericardium
- -visceral/parietal peritoneum
Visceral- the membrane that surrounds the organ
Parietal- the membrane that lines the cavity wall
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11. Give a brief description of each of the organ systems by naming its major organs and functions
- 1. Integumentary- (skin) to regulate body temp., protect underlying tissue, excrete waste
- 2. Skeletal (bones) support and protect organs
- 3. Muscular (muscles) produces movement
- 4. Nervous- (brain) activates muscles and glands
- 5. Endocrine (testis) regulates hormones
- 6. Cardiovascular (heart) pump blood
- 7. Lymphatic (lymph nodes) cleanse blood
- 8. Respiratory (lungs) use oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
- 9. Digestive (stomach) break down food
- 10. Urinary (bladder) eliminates nitrogenous waste
- 11. Reproductive (uterus) produce offspring
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12. Define the following terms:
A. Superior
B. Inferior
C. Proximal
D. Distal
E. Anterior
F. Posterior
G. Medial
H. Lateral
I. Deep
J. Bilateral
K. Ipsilateral
L. Contralateral
M. Superficial
N. Sagittal plane
O. Frontal/coronal plane
P. Transverse plane
- A. Above; in relation to another body part
- B. Below; in relation to another body part
- C. Closer to the originating point of attachment
- D. Further from the originating point of attachment
- E. At or near the front of the body
- F. At or near the rear of the body
- G. Closer to midline of the body
- H. Farther from midline of the body
- I. Farther from surface of the body
- J. On both sides of the body
- K. On the same side of the body
- L. On opposite sides of the body
- M. Toward the surface of the body
- N. Divides the body in left and right portions
- O. Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
- P. Divides the body into superior and inferior positions
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13. Name and describe the location of the nine abdominal regions. A drawing is acceptable.
Across by row starting with the top left in anatomical position:
-right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac
-right lateral, umbilical, left lateral
-right inguinal, pubic, left inguinal
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