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what is symbiotic association
association between 2 organism that depend on each other for survival
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what is phoresis association
example
- 1 organism that carry the other organism to another place
- house fly
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what is commensalism
examples
- one benefits without harming the other
- entameoba coli
- endolimax nana
- iodomeoba butchili
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what is mutualism
examples?
- both organism benefits from each other, if one is removed the other will not survive because they need each other
- trichonympha
- holomastigate
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what is parasitism
examples
- one benefits harming the other
- entameoba histolytica
- schistosoma mansoni
- taenia solium
- taenia saginata
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what is opportunism/opportunistic
- microorgansim found normally in the body but if normal flora is disrupted, they they become pathogenic
- pneumcystic carinii
- taxoplasma gondii
- crysporidium parvum
- leishmania
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what is predation
example
- organism attacking another organism
- mosquito - predator, human - prey
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what is scavenger
example
- parasite attacking non living
- mosquito/housefly
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what is pseudoparasite
- looks like a parasite but it is not. "junk"
- parasites are determined by morphology
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what is somatic antigen.
example
- part of the body of the parasite is an antigen
- ascaris
- entabeoba histolytica
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what is metabolic antigen
secretion/excretion of antigen from the organism
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antigen of parasite is what type of association
- parasitism, opportunistic
- or anything that cause problem
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what is final host "definitive host"
example
- maturity (formation of the genital system) of parasite occurs in host
- beef tapeworm final host is man
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what is intermediate host
- parasite undergoes different stages of development in the host
- taenia saginata: eggs develop inside cow becoming larvae. Larvae is eaten by man then becomes adult
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what is transfer host
- host transfers organism to another place
- doesn't harm the host
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what is vector host
examples (3)
- organism that transfers other organism and causes problem to the host
- anopheles mosquito: bites man and causes hemorrhage, skin and body problem
- phlebotomus: sandfly, lays egg in sand and transgers leishmania in humans.
- wuchereria bancrofti: causes elephantiasis, transferred by mosquito
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what is carrier host
ex.
- carry organism to 1 place to the other
- ex. mosquito sitting on contaminated food
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what is a reservoir host?
parasite that only causes problem in humans and not other animals
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what are the syivatic reservoirs
example
- parasite from a wild animal that transfers to human being
- ex. brugia malayie: transfers from monkey
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what is a domestic reservoir?
example?
- parasite that transfers from domestic animals to human being
- ex. clorkis sinensis: liver fluke, from dogs and cats
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what is zoonosis
infection that transfers from animals to human beings
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what are the phylumns of parasites (5)
- protozoa
- platyhelminthes
- aschelminthes (roundworm)
- acanthocephala (thorny headed worm)
- arthropoeta
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what are the classes of protozoa (4)
- sarcodina: amoebas
- mastigophora: flagellates
- cilliaphora: ciliates
- sporozoa
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what are the classes of platyhelminthes (2)
- trematoda: flukes
- cestoda: tapeworm
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what is the class of aschelminthes "roundworm"
nematoda
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what are the factors that cause spread of infections to human beings?
- sanitatioin
- failure to control: due to gov't
- poor nutrition
- health education
- regional custom
- climate: warmer regions have more organisms
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what are the types of damage done by parasites?
- tissue damage
- tissue change
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what are the types of tissue damage? (2)
- increase in adipose cell
- necrosis of tissue
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what type of damage does trichinella spiralis do
necrosis of tissue affecting the skeletal muscle
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what are the types of tissue change? (4)
- hyperplasia: inflammation of part of the body
- hypertrophy: enlargement of cell
- metaplasia: causes transformation of tissue into another type of tissue when parasite forms a capsule
- neoplasia: causing cancer
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what type of organism causes hyperplasia
fasciola hepatica: in the bile duct. "liver fluke"
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what type of organism causes hypertrophy
plasmodium vivax: causes infected RBC to be 2x larger than non infected
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what type of organism causes metaplasia
paragonimus westermani
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what type of organism causes neoplasia
schistosoma haematoium (blood fluke): found in pelvic vein. stimulates the bladder, making it cancerous
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what types of morphology does the class sarcodina have
pseudopodia: for movement and catching food
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what type of morphology do mastigophora "flagellata" have?
- flagella: can have more than one, for movement and catching food. can be longer than body
- blephoroplast/ kenitoplast: where flagella originates
- ectoplast/ endoplast: body
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what morphology does ciliophora have?
- cilia: shorter and numerous, thicker than flagella
- cilia orginates from kinectosome (located on ectoplast)
- f(x): movement and catching food
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what is the distinguishing morphology of sporozoas
- has no locomotive organelle- free living
- all are parasitic
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