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Cardiovascular System

  1. The CV system Are made up of which 3 elements?
    • Blood
    • Blood Vessels
    • Heart
  2. The average blood volume of children is (mls/kg)?
    80 mls/kg
  3. The average blood volume of adults is (mls/kg)?
    70 mls/kg
  4. Red Blood Cells live for?
    120 days
  5. Name the blood cells (name and colour)?
    • Erythrocytes are Red
    • Leucocytes are White
    • Thrombocytes - platelets
  6. Blood transports?
    • Oxygen
    • Nutrients
    • Clotting factors
    • Hormones
    • Heat
    • Protective Substances
  7. Venous return is reliant on?
    • The position of the body
    • Muscular contraction
    • Respiratory movements
    • Suction of the heart
  8. Which blood vessels have valves?
    Pulmonary Arteries
  9. List the 5 types of blood vessel?
    • Arteries
    • Arterioles
    • Capillaries
    • Venules
    • Veins
  10. The normal heart rate is between?
    60 - 100 BPM
  11. Tachycardia refers to a HR above?
    100 BPM
  12. Bradycardia refers to a HR below?
    60 BPM
  13. The pulse at the antecubital fossa is called?
    The Brachial Pulse
  14. Baroreceptors measure what?
    Blood Pressure
  15. The cardiovascular centre is located in?
    Medulla Oblongata
  16. Cardiac output is described as?
    The amount of blood expelled from the ventricles in one minute.
  17. BP is defined as?
    The pressure exerted by the blood on the arterial walls.
  18. Describe the cardiac cycle?
    The Cardiac Cycle is the proportion of time a heartbeat. So it’s the amount of time the Atria contracts, the ventricles contract then the relaxation phase.
  19. Describe the flow of electrical current from the SA node?
    The Sino – Atrial node generates an impulse (depolarisation) and sends it down the pathway, across the atria to the Atrio – Ventricular node. At the AV, the pulse slows down to let only one pulse through at a time and it is sent from the atria to the ventricles down the atrioventricular bundle. The bundle splits into left and right branches and spread across the ventricular myocardium via the the branches and the Purjinke fibres. Then the heart relaxes before the next impulse (polarisation).
  20. List the main coronary arteries?
    Vena Cava, Superior and Inferior

    Aorta

    Pulmonary
  21. Starting at the vena cava describe fully the blood flow through the heart?
    Deoxygenated blood flows into the Vena Cava, into the right atrium. The Tricuspid valve opens and allows blood flows into the Right ventricle. The pulmonary valve opens and blood flows into the pulmonary arteries and into the lungs. The blood gases exchange from C02 and take on 02 and flow into the pulmonary veins into the left atrium. Bicuspid Valve opens and blood flows into the left ventricle. The Aortic valve opens blood flows into the aorta and to the rest of the body. Blood flow returns and enters again through the vena cava.
  22. The muscles to which these tendons are attached are called?
    Papillary Muscles
  23. The tendons that prevent cusp inversion are called?
    Chordea Tendoneae
  24. Name the 4 valves within the heart?
    1.Pulmonic Valve

    2.Aortic Valve

    3.Biscupid Valve

    4.Tricuspid Valve
  25. Describe the ventricles?
    The Ventricles are two lower chambers of the heart. These a thicker walled. The left Ventricle pumps blood to the body and the right to the lungs.
  26. Describe the atria ?
    The Atria are the two upper chambers of the heart. The have thin walls and are separated by the inter atrial septum
  27. The ability to generate an electrical impulse is called?
    Autorythmicity
  28. Name and describe the inner layer of the heart?
    The inner layer is the Endocardium. It lines the inside of the heart and it continuous with the lining of the blood vessels.
  29. Name and describe the middle layer of the heart?
    The middle layer of the heart is the Myocardium. The muscle of the heart. It has specialised cardiac muscle tissue composed of cells that have the ability to generate its own electrical pulse. This is autorhythmicity.
  30. Name and describe the outer layer of the heart?
    The outer layer of the heart is the Pericardium. It is a tough double layer. Fibrous on the outside helps the heart to keep its shape. Serous has the Parietal pericardium and the Visceral pericardium, with potential space between them with fluid in, this allows the heart to beat without friction.
  31. The average size of the heart is (in cm) ?
    10 cm long, 9 cm wide and 6 cm deep.
  32. The heart lays at what degree from the vertical?
    60 degrees off the vertical.
  33. Describe the exact location/position of the heart?
    The heart sits in the mediastinum, in front of the spine and behind the sternum. The apex is behind the 5th intercostal space and 9cm from the midline. It is between the lungs and above the diaphragm.
  34. The 4 divisions of the CV system are?
    • Pulmonary
    • Coronary
    • Systemic
    • Hepatic
  35. The 6 main functions of the CV are?
    • Transports Nutrients.
    • Removes Waste Products.
    • Transports Hormones.
    • Regulates Temperature.
    • Reproduction.
    • Hosts Defence
Author
juliewood
ID
344752
Card Set
Cardiovascular System
Description
The Heart
Updated

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