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How many bones are in the foot?
- 26 total
- - 14 phalanges (toes)
- - 5 metatarsals
- - 7 tarsals
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Name the 2 leg bones?
Tibia and Fibula
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The knee and Thigh bone are called?
Patella, and Femur
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The base of which metatarsal has a tuberosity?
5th
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Where are the two sesamoid bones found on the foot?
The plantar surface of the foot at the head of the 1st metatarsal
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___ - along the length of the foot; more prominent on the medial side
Longitudinal Arch
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___ - along the width of the foot; formed by cuneiforms & cuboid
Transverse Arch
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Of the bones in the leg, ____ is on the medial side?
Tibia
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Of the leg bones, ____ is on the lateral and posterior to tibia
Fibula
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The three parts that both the tibia and fibula are the ___, ____, and ____.
- 1. Body (shaft)
- 2. Proximal extremity
- 3. Distal extremity
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Tibia & Fibula Anatomy (AP & Lateral)
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The largest Sesamoid bone?
Patella
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Distal Leg Articulations (Joints)
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Proximal Leg Articulations (Joints)
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4 major ligaments of the knee?
- 1. ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament)
- 2. PCL (Posterior Cruciate Ligament)
- - Connects tibial plateau to femoral condyles; cross through knee joint
- - Prevent anterior & posterior movement
- 3. MCL (Medial Collateral Ligament)
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Connects femoral and tibial condyles - 4. LCL (Lateral Collateral Ligament)
- - Connects head of fibula to lateral condyle
- - Both prevent adduction & abduction movements
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Medial & lateral fibrocartilage between articular facets of tibial plateau & femoral condyles
•Act as “shock absorbers”
Menisci (Articular Disks)
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Types of joint
- IP
Ginglymus (hinge)
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Types of joint
- MTP
Ellipsoidal (condyloid)
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Types of joint
- TMT & IT
Plane (gliding)
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Types of joint
- Ankle
Sellar (saddle)
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Types of joint
- Knee
- Femorotibial - Bicondylar
- Patellofemoral - Sellar (saddle)
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Types of joint
- Proximal tibiofibular
Plane (gliding)
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the one joint that is amphiarthrodial
Distal tibiofibular (fibrous)
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Label 1
Navicular
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Label 2
Medial (1st) Cuneiform
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Label 3
Sesamoid
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Label 4
5th Metatarsal (Tuberosity)
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Label 5
Talus
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Label 6
Subtalar joint
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Label 7
Calcaneus
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Label 8
Cuboid
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Radiographic Ankle Anatomy - Ankle AP
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Radiographic Anatomy – Ankle (Lateral)
- 1.Tibia
- 2.Ankle joint
- 3.Talus
- 4.Navicular
- 5.Fibula
- 6.Posterior malleolus
- 7.Lateral malleolus
- 8.Calcaneus
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Radiographic Anatomy – Tibia & Fibula
- 1.Lateral condyle of femur
- 2.Lateral condyle of tibia
- 3.Head of fibula
- 4.Femorotibial joint
- 5.Fibula
- 6.Lateral malleolus
- 7.Medial condyle of femur
- 8.Medial condyle of tibia
- 9.Intercondylar eminence
- 10.Tibia
- 11.Medial malleolus
- 12.Talus
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Radiographic Anatomy – Knee (AP)
- 1.Femur
- 2.Lateral condyle of femur
- 3.Lateral condyle of tibia
- 4.Tibial plateau
- 5.Head of fibula
- 6.Patella
- 7.Medial condyle of femur
- 8.Medial condyle of tibia
- 9.Intercondylar eminence
- 10.Tibia
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Radiographic Anatomy – Knee (Lateral)
- 1.Femur
- 2.Patellofemoral joint
- 3.Patella
- 4.Tibial tuberosity
- 5.Superimposed femoral condyles
- 6.Head of the fibula
- 7.Fibula
- 8.Tibia
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Routine Positions for Toes
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AP Toes
- - Patient supine or seated on table
- - Knee flexed until plantar surface of foot parallel to IR
- - CR 10°-15° toward calcaneus to affected MTP joint
Optional: place a 15°angle sponge under the foot & use a perpendicular CR
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AP Toes (2nd digit)
- Evaluation Criteria
- Entire toe demonstrated & distal half of metatarsal
- No overlap of soft tissues
- IP and MTP joints appear open
- Exposure factors
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- AP Oblique Toes
- Patient supine or seated on table
- Knee flexed until plantar surface of foot parallel to IR
- Rotate leg & foot 30°-45° medial for digits 1-3 (AP medial oblique); rotate laterally for digits 4 & 5 (AP lateral oblique)
- Ensure that toes do not overlap
- CR to affected MTP joint
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AP Oblique Toes
- Evaluation Criteria
- Entire toe demonstrated & distal half of metatarsal
- IP and MTP joints appear open
- Heads of metatarsals not overlapped
- Exposure factors
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- Lateral Toes
- Patient supine or seated on table
- Body, leg & foot rotated medially for digits 1-3 (lateromedial projection); rotated laterally for digits 4 & 5 (mediolateral projection)
- Toes perpendicular to IR
- Use tape to move unaffected toes to prevent superimposition
- CR to IP joint (1st digit)
- CR to PIP joint (digits 2-5)
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Foot
3 Routine and 1 Special
- Routine
- - AP Dorsoplantar
- - AP Oblique
- - Lateral
- Special
- - AP & Lateral Weight bearing
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- AP Oblique Medial Foot
- - Rotate leg & foot 30°-40° medial
- - CR to base of 3rd metatarsal
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- AP weight-bearing feet
- - CR 15° posteriorly to midpoint between both feet at level of base of metatarsals
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Calcaneus
Routine - 2 views?
- Plantodorsal (axial)
- - CR 40° cephalad to base of 3rd metatarsal - exits just distal to lateral malleolus
- Lateral- Flex knee approximately 45°
- - Leg & foot rotated laterally until plantar surface perpendicular to IR
- - Dorsiflex foot until plantar surface is at right angle to leg
- - Mediolateral projection
- - CR to 1” inferior (distal) to medial malleolus
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Plantodorsal (axial) Calcaneus
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Ankle
4 Routine Positions
- 1. AP
- 2. AP Mortise
- 3. AP Oblique
- 4. Lateral
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AP Ankle
- - Distal ⅓ of tibia & fibula & demonstrated
- - Talus & proximal ½ of metatarsals included
- - Medial & superior aspect of ankle joint open
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AP Mortise Ankle
- - Rotate leg, foot & ankle medially 15°-20° until intermalleolar line parallel to IR
- - CR to a point midway between malleoli
- - Distal ⅓ of tibia & fibula & demonstrated
- - Talus & proximal ½ of metatarsals included
- - Entire ankle mortise open
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AP Oblique Ankle (Medial)
- - Distal ⅓ of tibia & fibula & demonstrated
- - Talus & proximal ½ of metatarsals included
- - Distal tibiofibular joint open
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Lateral Ankle
- - Distal ⅓ of tibia & fibula & demonstrated
- - Talus & calcaneus included
- - Lateral malleolus superimposed over posterior half of tibia
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Tibia & Fibula
- Routine positions
? and ?
AP & Lateral
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AP Tib/Fib
- - Entire tibia & fibula demonstrated to include knee & ankle joints
- - Partial superimposition of fibula and tibia at proximal and distal ends
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Lateral Tib/Fib
- - Entire tibia & fibula demonstrated to include knee & ankle joints
- - Tibial tuberosity in profile
- - Proximal head of fibula superimposed by tibia
- - Distal fibula superimposed over posterior half of tibia
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Common Pathological Condition
Fracture
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Common Pathological Condition
Dislocation
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Common Pathological Conditions
- Gout/Arthritis
- (Common in 1st MTP Joint)
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Common Pathological Conditions
Bunion (Hallux Valgus)
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Common Pathological Conditions
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
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Common Pathological Disease
Bone Tumors (primary & malignant)
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- Benign bone tumors (osteomas)
- Primary tumors (multiple myeloma)
- Joint effusions
- Osteomalacia (rickets)
Common Pathological Conditions
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