-
How does the renal-body fluid system normalize arterial pressure if blood volume increases?
Blood volume increases --> arterial pressure increases --> kidneys excrete excess volume --> arterial pressure back to normal
-
How does the body normalize blood pressure if blood volume increases?
Increase pressure diuresis
-
How does sodium balance affect arterial pressure?
Higher sodium higher arterial pressure, because excess salt reduces the ability of kidneys to excrete fluid, more blood volume = higher arterial pressure
-
How does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system maintain blood pressure?
- Sodium retention by kidneys
- Aldosterone release from the adrenals to increase renal sodium/water retention
- Activation of the heart and vasoconstriction
-
Describe the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) pathway
Angiotensinogen --> angiotensin I --> angiotensin II --> AT1 receptor --> kidneys, adrenal grand, heart, vessels, brain
-
What does renin do?
Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
-
What does a renin inhibitor do?
Blocks angiotensinogen from being converted to angiotensin I
-
What does ACE I do?
Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
-
What does an ACE inhibitor do?
Blocks angiotensin I from being converted to angiotensin II
-
What does an AT1 receptor blocker do?
Blocks AT1 receptors in kidney, adrenal gland, heart, vessels, and brain
-
What effects does angiotensin II have on vessels and kidneys and for what reason?
- Vasoconstriction
- Renal retention of salt and water
- To increase arterial pressure
-
What does angiotensin II do to blood pressure?
Increases it
-
Describe the body’s response to an increased salt intake and how it regularizes blood pressure, increased salt intake -->
Increased salt intake --> increased extracellular volume --> increased arterial pressure --> decreased renin and angiotensin --> decreased renal retention of salt and water --> extracellular volume almost back to normal --> arterial pressure almost back to normal
-
What is pressure natriuresis?
Increases in renal perfusion pressure lead to decreases in sodium reabsorption and increases in sodium excretion
-
What is the effect of constricting the renal artery of one kidney after the other kidney has been removed?
- Systemic arterial pressure increases
- Renin secretion decreases
-
Essential chronic hypertension is characterized by…
Elevated mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance
-
Renal-blood volume pressure controls and RAAS are slow/fast and typically acute/chronic
-
Compare renal and neural control of blood pressure
- Renal is chronic
- Neural is acute
|
|
