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What is the short-term autoregulatory control of blood flow?
Rapid change in vasodilation or vasoconstriction
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What is the long-term autoregulatory control of blood flow?
Slow changes in physical size and number of vessels supplying the tissues
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What happens to tissue blood flow if you increase the rate of metabolism?
Increases blood flow
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What happens to tissue blood flow if you increase the arterial oxygen saturation?
Decreases blood flow
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What is the vasodilator theory?
Greater rate of metabolism, or less oxygen, leads to formation of vasodilator substances
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What is the effect of PO2 in metabolic control of blood flow?
As PO2 increases, blood flow decreases (vasoconstriction)
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What is the effect of PCO2 in metabolic control of blood flow?
As PCO2 increases, blood flow increases (vasodilation)
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What is the effect of pH in metabolic control of blood flow?
As pH decreases, blood flow increases (vasodilation)
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What is the effect of adenosine in metabolic control of blood flow?
As adenosine increases, blood flow increases (vasodilation)
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What is the effect of K+ in metabolic control of blood flow?
As K+ increases, blood flow increases (vasodilation)
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Describe the contribution of myogenic tone to blood flow regulation
Stretching of a vessel causes a counter reaction resulting in blood flow going back to normal
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What is hyperemia?
Excess of blood in a part of the body
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What is reactive hyperemia?
Hyperemia in a tissue after temporary occlusion of an artery
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What is active hyperemia?
Hyperemia following increased tissue metabolic activity
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What is the effect of nitric oxide on vessels?
Major vasodilator
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Nitric oxide is AKA ___________________
Endothelium-derived relaxing factor
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Describe the chemistry behind why nitric oxide is a vasodilator
- O2 + arginine --> NO
- NO activates soluble guanylate cyclase, which converts cGTP into cGMP
- cGMP causes vascular smooth muscle relaxation
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What are the mechanisms of vascular remodeling in response to chronic increased blood pressure?
- Inward eutrophic remodeling
- Hypertrophic remodeling
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What are the mechanisms of vascular remodeling in response to chronic increased blood flow?
- Outward remodeling
- Outward hypertrophic remodeling
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What is inward eutrophic remodeling?
- Lumen diameter decreases, and vascular wall becomes thicker
- Total cross-sectional area doesn’t change
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What is hypertrophic remodeling?
Increase in thickness and cross-sectional area of vascular wall
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What are the humoral (extrinsic) vasoconstricting agents?
- NE
- EPI
- Angiotensin II
- Vasopressin
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What are the humoral (extrinsic) vasodilating agents?
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Which of the following control mechanisms dominates in the CNS? Intrinsic, neural, or humoral?
Intrinsic
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Which of the following control mechanisms dominates in the coronary vessels? Intrinsic, neural, or humoral?
Local
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Which of the following control mechanisms dominates in the splanchnic circulation? Intrinsic, neural, or humoral?
Intrinsic and humoral
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Which of the following control mechanisms dominates in cutaneous blood flow? Intrinsic, neural, or humoral?
Neural
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Which of the following control mechanisms dominates in skeletal muscle? Intrinsic, neural, or humoral?
Local
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