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Lecture:Cell Metabolism (not lipoproteins)
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ATP
High energy molecule
Stored energy
nucleotide + 1 or 2 Pi
Hydrolysis of __________ (first/ middle/ terminal) phosphate of ATP releases how much energy??
Terminal; ~7.3 kcal/mole
ATP --> ?
ADP + Pi + ENERGY
Mitochondria
membranous organelle producing ATP; powerplant of cell
context: mitochondria amounts
RBC
none
context: mitochondria amounts
liver cells
multiple
context: mitochondria amounts
muscle cells
multiple
context: mitochondria
outer membrane
separates mitochondria from cytoplasm
context: mitochondria
inner membrane
folds (cristae) increase surface area = increased ATP production.
location of ETC (oxidative phosphorylation & mucho ATP
production)
context: mitochondria
matrix
“Liquid” inside inner membrane
-location of TCA cycle
anabolism
sum of all synthesis reactions.
small molecules --> larger molecules; requires energy
why do cells synthesize new organic molecules (3)?
1. Cell growth
2. maintenance
3. repair & synthesis of energy reserves (glycogen, proteins)
catabolism
sum of all decomposition reactions
larger molecules --> smaller molecules; produces energy (directly – cleave and get energy from ATP or indirectly
– take it to make other things like TCA and get the energy later.)
2 reasons products go into "nutrient pools"
1) Anabolism
: making new molecules
2) Further Catabolism in mitochondria
: 40% = ATP synthesis; 60% = ‘lost’ as heat
metabolism
anabolism + catabolism
All chemical reactions occurring in organism
context: mitochondria's energy sources
1st choice
Glucose - Source
: diet & glycogen stores (liver/muscle)
-only fuel the brain uses under non-starvation conditions & only fuel that RBCs use
context: mitochondria's energy sources
2nd choice
Triglycerides - TG --> F.A. + glycerol
-Source
: diet & triglyceride stores (adipocytes)
context: mitochondria's energy sources
3rd choice
Proteins - Protein --> amino acids
-Source
: diet & protein stores (muscle) only used under duress
context: carbohydrate metabolism
cellular respiration
the use of O2 to convert organic molecules into CO2 & H2O (by removing electrons) in order to create energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy
4 processes involved in cellular respiration (and O2 requirement)
1) glycolysis - molecular O2
not
needed = anaerobic
2) TCA Prep - O2
Indirectly
needed
3) TCA cycle - O2
Indirectly
needed
4) Electron transport chain (ETC) - O2
Directly
needed
Coenzymes
Non-protein, organic molecules; usually vitamins.
Carry hydrogen atoms (H) released during cellular respiration
Context: Coenzymes
H atom
= proton (H+) + electron (e-).
-2H reduce NAD+ & FAD into NADH & FADH2
-Note
: NADH = NADH + H+ (NADH has 2 e-)
-NADH & FADH2 are used to make ATP in ETC
H = reduced!
NAD stands for
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
FAD stands for
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
1 NADH = ? ATP
2 or 3 ATP
2 = NADH made during glycolysis only yields 2 ATPs
1 FADH = ? ATP
2 ATP
Glycolysis
location?
process?
cytoplasm;
1)Glucose phosphorylated
-->2 ATPs used
-->can’t exit cell
2) 6 Carbon converted into 2 @3 Carbon
3) Oxidation of G-3P via NAD+
-End product of 2 Pyruvate
4) 1 Glucose converted into 2 pyruvate / pyruvic acid (same thing)
4 ATP generated
NOTE
: Start up Cost of 2 ATP
Pay-o-la = 2 ATP (cash) and 2 NADH (Checks)
Author
VASUpharm14
ID
34461
Card Set
Lecture:Cell Metabolism (not lipoproteins)
Description
IBHS 523: Nickola exam 2
Updated
2010-09-18T02:10:59Z
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