Evaluation Reports and Clinical Techniques

• Identifying info
• Complaint and referral 
• Case history (family, medical, educational, work, developmental)
• Hearing Screening
• OME
• Specific areas of evaluation (language, artic, voice, fluency)
• Impressions 
• Diagnosis
• Recommendations

• clean head phones with alcohol 
• check audiometer before use
• orient client to the task
• 20 dB in a noise free setting 
• 25 dB in a quiet setting
• test frequencies: 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz
• if failed, retest in 2 weeks
• if failed again, refer for full audiological evaluation

• assess how consistently, accurately, and rapidly a client is able to make repeated movements 
• client makes as many prescribed movements as possible in the given time OR the clinician gives a number of times to make the movement and sees how long it takes the client 
• use norms with caution (small sample with undefined age groups)

provides info about the structural and functional adequacy of the articulators used in speech sound production

any skill or action you teach a client or a student

behaviors that are appropriate for the client's age norms

• selected regardless of norms 
• best serve a client's communicative, educational, and social needs
• culturally and linguistically appropriate

• presented after every correct performance of a target behavior 
• generates a high response rate
• used to establish new target behaviors

• presented after SOME correct performances of a target behavior
• some responses are reinforced and others are not 
• responses are strengthened more when they are not reinforced continuously

present a motivating stimulus to increase a desired behavior

• removing unpleasant stimulus once the desired behavior is produced 
• used to increase probability of a desired behavior

• smile, nod, and verbal praise
• has to effect change by its own power

• small prizes that can be converted to other prizes long term (sticker book)
• has a more pervasive effect on behavior 
• can affect a response in different events

information given to a person or mechanism about how the person has been performing

reinforcement given after a specific number of responses

reinforcement given after a varied number of responses

reinforcements given after a fixed time interval

reinforcements given after a varied time interval

food and water

**not used at HU clinic

• social reinforcement 
• conditioned reinforcement 
• performance feedback
• verbal praise

complex response is broken down into easier parts

clinician comments on child's utterance and adds new and relevant information

step by step explanation on how to complete a task

distinguish between correct and incorrect productions

• demonstration of expected behavior 
• clinician models, child imitates

• Modeling/imitation 
• cuing/prompting
• spontaneous production 

**move to a different technique one 90% mastery is achieved

• 1. isolation 
• 2. syllable 
• 3. word
• 4. phrase
• 5. sentence
• 6. conversational speech

to draw out a response via actions or questions

• performance
• condition 
• standard of performance (outcome)

Jane will produce /f/ in all word positions when presented with a visual stimulus with 95% accuracy in 3 out of 4 sessions

• direction of change 
• behavior targeted for change 
• present level of functioning
• expected level of functioning 
• resources needed (therapy strategies)

Jane will increase correct production of /f/ in all word positions moving from 50% accuracy to 90% accuracy after eight weeks of individualized therapy

smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of language

smallest contrastive unit in the sound system of language

• the study and description of word formation in language 
• (word ending, etc.)

organization of sounds in language

• social language 
• use of language in social context

meaning of words and sentences

• line equation up by year month day and subtract 
• if you have to regroup, add 12 to the months column and 30 to the days column 

• **if days are more than 15 round up one month 
• **if days are less than 15 omit the days in the report