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Language Development
Birth - 1 month
- phonation stage
- reflexive vocalizations (burping, coughing, gooing)
- startle response to sound
- quieted by the human voice
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Language Development
2-3 Months
- cooing/gooing stage
- productions acoustically similar to /u/
- some velar consonants may occur /g,k/
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Language Development
4-6 Months
- Expansion Stage
- growls, squeals, yells, and raspberries (bilabial trills)
- some CV combos and vowel like sounds may be produced
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Language Development
6-8 Months
- canonical/reduplicated babbling stage
- strings of CV syllables (mama, dada)
- no sound-meaning correspondence
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Language Development
8-12 months
- variegated/non-reduplicated babbling
- adult like syllables in CV sequences
- variety of consonants and vowels appear in a single vocalization
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Language Development
1-2 Year
- holophrasitic single word phase
- one word represents complex idea
- combines one word utterances with gestures and intonation
- understands simple commands
- 24 months: uses and to form conjoined sentence
- 18 months: 2 word combos
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Language Development
2-3 Years
- Multi word combinations
- Beginning phrase and sentence structure
- MLU 3-4 words
- Uses negatives
- Simple account of experiences
- Tell Understandable stories
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Language Development
3-4 Years
- Utterances have communicative intent
- 4 years: mostly complete sentences; MLU 5-5.5
- Topic and convo maintenance
- Complex and compound sentences
- uses nouns, verbs, and personal pronouns
- use "and/because" as conjunctions
- ID objects in the environment
- Intelligible
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Language Development
4-5 Years
- speaks in complete sentences
- uses concrete meanings and words (physical objects more so than pictures)
- name items in a category
- use comparatives
- maintain a topic
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Normal Phonemic Development
- vowels before consonants
- nasal consonants are the earliest acquired
- /f/ mastered before other fricatives at approx. 3 yrs
- Liquids mastered late 2-4 yrs
- most stops mastered by 3-4.5 years
- consonant clusters acquired later than most other sounds
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Tentative Order of Acquisition for Manner
- 1. Nasals
- 2. Stops
- 3. Glides
- 4. Liquids
- 5. Fricatives
- 6. Affricates
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