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Crescendo
It gets gradually louder
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Decrescendo
It gets gradually softer
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Dynamic Range
The range between the softest and loudest notes.
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Timbre
Character or quality of a musical tone or tones.
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Ensembles
Music groups, whether vocal, instrumental, or a combination.
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Harmonics
Series of overtones
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Didjeridu
Aboriginal Australian instrument.
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Music instrument
Any sound-generating medium used to produce tones in the making of music.
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Instrumentation
The types of instruments (potentially including voices) and the number of each.
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3 main categories of Western instrument classification system.
Strings, winds, and percussion.
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Hornbostel-Sachs classification system
This system identifies four principal instrument categories, with numerous subdivisions for each.
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4 classifications of Hornbostel-Sachs classification system
- Chrodophones
- Aerophones
- Membranophones
- Idiophones
- sometimes electronophones
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Chordophones
instruments in which the sound is activated by the vibration of a string or strings over a resonating chamber.
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Aerophones
use the action of air passing through a tube or some other kind of resonator.
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Membranophones
Instruments in which the vibration of a membrane stretched tightly across a frame resonator produces the sound.
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Idiophones
Instruments in which the vibration of the body of the instrument itself produces the sound.
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Digital Sampling
Allows for any existing sound to recorded, stored as digital data, and then reproduced either "verbatim" or in electronically manipulated form.
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Overdubbing
through the use of machines and computer-based multitrack sequencers, it is possible to layer dozens upon dozens of seperate musical tracks one atop the other in a recording studio.
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Single line textures
the simplest type. Monophonic textures.
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Heterophony
The texture of music that features just a single melodic line, but where that line is performed in varied versions at the same time
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Polyphonic
Textures in which there are two or more distinct parts.
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Drone
One of the simplest types of polyphonic textures
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Melody plus drone texture
The melody unfolds over a sustained, continuous tone, as in the Scottish bagpipe performance of "Amazing Grace"
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Harmonized textures
When notes of differenct pitch occur together to form chords, or "harmonies."
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Multiple-melody texture
Occurs in polyphonic music where two or more essentially separate melodic lines are performed simultaneously.
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Polyrhythm
Term used to describe music in which there are several different parts or layers, with each defined mainly by its distinctive rhythmic character rather than by melodies or chords.
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Ostaniato
A short figure that is repeated over and over again is called ostinato.
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Layered ostinatos
two or more ostinatos are "stacked" one on top of the other.
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Cyclic forms
similar to ostinato-based forms, but the repeated unit of the cycle is typically longer than that of an ostinato.
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Verse-chorus form
One of the most popular formal designs for songs in many cultures.
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