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Mediastinum Anatomy

  1. What lies directly over the mediastinum?
    Sternum
  2. What are the three parts to the sternum?
    Manubrium, body (aka gladiolus), and xiphoid process
  3. What is the name of the landmark that is located where the manubrium meets the body?
    Sternal angle of Louis
  4. What is the anterior boundary of mediastinum?
    Sternum
  5. What is the posterior boundary of mediastinum?
    Bodies of thoracic vertebrae
  6. What is the superior boundary of mediastinum?
    Thoracic inlet
  7. What is the inferior boundary of mediastinum?
    Diaphragm
  8. What is the lateral boundary of mediastinum?
    Mediastinal parietal pleura
  9. True/False: Lungs are part of the mediastinum
    False
  10. What is the structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?
    Diaphragm
  11. True/False: right and left pleural cavities do not connect
    True. They are separated by the mediastinum
  12. At what level does the transverse thoracic plane passes through?
    From sternal angle to T4-T5 intervertebral disc
  13. What could be found at the level of the transverse thoracic plane?
    • Bifurcation of the trachea into the primary bronchi
    • Beginning and end of the aortic arch above the transverse thoracic plane
    • Divides the mediastinum into superior and inferior mediastinum
  14. What’s in the superior mediastinum?
    • Thymus
    • Right and left brachiocephalic veins
    • Arch of the aorta
    • Trachea
    • Esophagus
    • Lymphatics
  15. What forms the right and left brachiocephalic veins?
    Union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins
  16. What structure forms when the brachiocephalic veins join together?
    Superior vena cava (SVC)
  17. What are three major branches coming from the arch of aorta?
    • Brachiocephalic trunk
    • Left common carotid
    • Left subclavian
  18. Is the trachea anterior or posterior to the esophagus?
    Anterior to the esophagus
  19. True/false: nerves of the superior mediastinum often are associated with arteries?
    True
  20. Where can phrenic nerves be found?
    Anterior to the anterior scalene muscle in the neck
  21. Where does the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct join the venous system?
    At the point where the internal jugular vein is joining the subclavian vein
  22. Ware the three segments of the inferior mediastinum?
    Anterior, middle, posterior
  23. What constitutes the middle mediastinum?
    Pericardium and its content (heart), roots of great vessels
  24. What is the major content in the anterior mediastinum?
    Thymus
  25. What’s the external tough layer of the pericardium called?
    Fibrous pericardium
  26. What is the function of the pericardium?
    • Stabilize the heart and keep it in position within the thorax
    • Limits heart distension
  27. What lines the inner surface of the pericardium?
    Parietal layer of serous pericardium
  28. What is another name for the visceral layer of serous pericardium?
    Epicardium
  29. True false: parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium is actually continuous
    True
  30. What is the name of the point where the parietal (outer) layer turns into visceral (inner) layer?
    Point of reflection
  31. What is cardiac tamponade?
    A pericardial effusion with enough pressure to adversely affect the function of the heart, mainly by compressing the heart, which can be lethal
  32. What anchors the pericardium to the diaphragm?
    Central tendon of the diaphragm
  33. What anchors the pericardium to the posterior surface of the sternum
    Sternopericardial ligament
  34. Which nerve and vessels leave the external surface of the pericardium and branch out over the diaphragm?
    • Phrenic nerve
    • Pericardiacophrenic artery and vein
  35. What are the 8 great vessels of the heart?
    • Aorta
    • Superior vena cava
    • Inferior vena cava
    • L & R superior pulmonary veins
    • L & R inferior pulmonary veins
    • Pulmonary trunk
  36. What anchors the fibrous pericardium to the great vessels?
    Tunica adventitia
  37. What are the major contents in the posterior mediastinum?
    • Esophagus
    • Vagus nerves
    • Azygos system of veins
    • Aorta
    • Thoracic duct
    • (3 GOOSES and a Duck)
  38. What’s azygous system of veins?
    A venous drainage from thoracic wall found in the posterior mediastinum
  39. What forms the left venous angle
    • Left subclavian vein
    • Left internal jugular vein
  40. What pass through the diaphragm?
    • Vena cava
    • Esophagus
    • Aortic hiatus
  41. At what thoracic vertebral level does the esophagus passes through the diaphragm?
    T10
  42. At what vertebral level does the vena cava passes through the diaphragm?
    T8
  43. At what vertebral level does the aortic hiatus passes through the diaphragm?
    T12
Author
lykthrnn
ID
344523
Card Set
Mediastinum Anatomy
Description
Cardiovascular Midterm
Updated

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