Chemistry - Organic Compunds

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Complete Combution
- Key term: excess oxygen
- Eg. Ethane + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water
Incomplete Combustion
- Key Term: colourless and toxic gas
- Eg. Ethan + Oxygen -> Carbon Monoxide + Water
or
- Key Term: Black Soot
- Eg. Ethane + Oxygen -> Carbon + Water
Structural Formula
Condensed Structural Formula
- shows oder but not bonds
- eg. CH₃CH₂CH₃
The first four alkanes are ___ at room temperature

The first four alkanes are gases at room temperature
Alkanes are insoluble in water so will form _ ______ as they are ___-____

Alkanes are insoluble in water so will form 2 layers as they are non-polar
Alkanes boiling points _______ with the length of the carbon chain. As .......

Alkanes boiling point increase with the length of the carbon chain as more energy is needed to separate molecules.
Alkanes have _____ ____________ forces but their ________ forces are ______ _____________

Alkanes have covalent intramolecular forces. But their intermolecular forces are weak intermolecular
Observation: when bromine water is added to a alkane it...

Turns from orange to colourless very slowly under a catalyst of UV light
Observation: WhenBromine is added to an alkene it...

Rapidly changes from orange to colourless
Functional Group: Alkenes

Double bond on carbon chain
Observation: When MnO₄^-/H⁺is added to an alkane ...

It remains purple
Observation: When MnO₄-/H⁺ is added to an alkene ...

It turns from purple to colourless
Markovnikovs's Rule

A hydrogen will be added to the carbon of the double which already has the most hydrogens. (Major product)
Hydrogenation Catalyst
- Pt at room temp
- Ni/150
Hydrogenation Equation

Alkene + Hydrogen --Pt or Ni/150--> Alkane
Halogenation Caltalyst

None
Halogenation Equation (Alkene)

Alkene + Halogen ---> Haloalkane
Hydration Catalyst

dil H₂SO₄at 330'C
Hydration Equation (Alkene)

Alkene + Water --> Alcohol
Halogenation Equation (Alkane)

Alkane + Halogen --UV Light--> Haloalkane + H(haloalkane)
Halogen Halide Reaction (Alkene)

Alkane + Hydrogen Halide --> Haloalkane
Oxidation Catalyst

MnO₄^-/H⁺
Oxidation Equation

Alkene + Acidified Pottasium Permanganate --> Diol
Polymermerisation Catalyst

High temp and pressure
Dehydration Catalyst

conc H₂SO₄
Dehydration Equation

CH₃CH₂OH -conc H₂SO₄-> CH₂=CH₂+ H₂O
Cracking
- Alkane --Fe--> Alkane + Alkene
- eg. C₂₀H₄₂--Fe--> C₁₀H₂₂ + C₁₀H₂₀
Cracking Catalyst

Fe or Al₂O₃
Functional Group: Alkyne

Triple bond between Carbons
Functional Group: Alcohols

OH (hydroxyl)
Clasifications alcohols/haloalkanes

The number of carbons the functional group is attached to determines the clasification.
Oxidation Reagent (Primary Alcohol)
- MnO₄/H⁺ Purple --> Colourless
- Cr₂O₇/H⁺Orange --> Green
Oxidation (primary alcohols)

Primary Alcohol + Catalyst --> Carboxylic Acid
Alcohols have a ______ melting point than hydrocarbons

higher
Functional Group: Carboxlic Acids

COOH
Carboxylic acids have _____ melting points than alcohols

higher
Carboxylic acids turns _____ litmus paper _____.

Carboxylic acids turn blue litmus paper red.
Carboxylic acids do/do not conduct electricity due to .....

Carboxylic acids do conduct electricity die to free moving ions.
Carboxylic Acids + Metal --> _______ + ________

Carboxylic Acids + Metal --> Metal Salt + Hydrogen
Metal salts have a sufix of ______

Metal salts have a sufix of anoate
Acid + Base --> _____ + ______

Acid + Base --> metal salt + water
Acid + Carbonate --> _______ + _______ + ________

Acid + Carbonate --> metal salt + water + carbon dioxide
Functional Group: Esters

COO
Naming Esters
- C=O side - anoate
- O side - thyl
Name :

Methyl Ethanoate
Name:

propyl methanoate
Name:

ethyl propanoate
Name:

butyl propanoate
Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol --H₂SO₄--> ____ + _____

Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol --H2SO4--> ester + water
Catalyst: Esterfication

conc H₂SO₄

Author

kristenanna

34425

Card Set

Chemistry - Organic Compunds

Description

Organic Chem

Updated

2010-09-13T09:22:26Z