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Hyperkalemia is?Will cause?
- Too much K+ (potassium) >5
- TIGHTS AND CONTRACTED
- Heart: Hypotension, Bradycardia, ST Elevation & Peak T Waves
- GI TractL Diarrhea & Hyperactive bowel sounds
- Neuromuscular: Paralysis in extremities, Increased DTR, profound Muscle Weakness (Lethargy, general feeling of heaviness)
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Hypokalemia? Is ? Will cause?
- Too little K+ (potassium) <3.5
- Everything LOW & SLOW
- Heart: Flat T Waves, ST depression & prominent U waves
- Muscular:Decreased DTR, Muscle Cramping, Flaccid paralysis (paralyzed limbs)
- GI Tract: Decreased motility-hypoactive bowel sounds, constipation, abdominal distention, paralytic ileum (Paralyzed intestines)
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What is the purpose of Na+?
- Maintain Blood Pressure
- Maintain blood volume
- Maintain pH balance
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Hypernatrimic
- More than 145
- Skin: Big and bloated, flush "red & rosy" Edema . nausea vomiting
- Polydipsia: excessive thirst
- Late serious sign: Swollen-red beefy dry tongue, increased muscle tone, nausea and vomiting.
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Hyponatremia
- Too like Na+ <135
- Depressed & deflated
- Neuro: seizures and coma
- Heart: Tachycardia, weak thready pulses
- Respiratory arrest
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Formula for Basal Metabolic rate:
- First convert to Kg.
- 2.2 lbs = 1 kg
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What is the normal range for Specific Gravity?
1.001 - 1.029
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Normal RBC count for males
5.21 - 5.81
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Normal RBC count for females
3.71 - 5.31
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What are RBC
also known as erythrocytes
Carry o2 to the body
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What is hematocrit?
Is the % of blood that is RBCs. Results in blood becoming too thick (high viscosity), which prevents the heart from being able to push the blood throughout the body. Too little and won't be able to carry enough o2 to sustain life.
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Hematocrit level in males
38% - 51%
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Hematocrit level in females
33% - 45%
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What is hemoglobin?
Iron containing protein for RBCs.
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Normal Hemoglobin levels in males
13.2 - 17.3
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Normal Hemoglobin levels in females
11.7 - 15.5
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Normal levels of WBC
4.5-11.1
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Normal platelet count in males
165 - 332
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Platelet count in females
185 - 335
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Normal Live function test values in males (3)
- Albumin levels: 3.4 - 4.8
- ALT 10 - 40
- AST 20 - 40
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Normal Live function test values in females (3)
- Albumin levels: 3.4 - 4.8
- ALT: 7 - 35
- AST: 15 - 30
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Test for renal function (2):
BUN and creatinine
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Normal BUN levels:
8 - 21
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Normal Creatinine levels in males
0.61 - 1.21
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Normal creatinine levels in females:
0.51 - 1.11
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