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What are the functions of the skeletal system?
- 1. Support
- 2. Movement
- 3. Protection
- 4. Blood cell production
- 5. Storage (calcium)
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What are the two parts of the skeleton?
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Shapes of bones and examples?
Long.. Femur,Humerus,Fibula
Short.... Carpals,Tarsals
Flat.... Scapula,Pelvis,Ribs
Irregular....Vertebrae,Mandible
Sesamoid...Patella
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The three categories of joints and examples?
- Fixed....cranium, pelvis.
- Semi-moveable... Between vertebrae and between pubic bone.
- Synovial...Ball & Socket,Hinge,Gliding,Pivot,Saddle
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The Synovial Joints and examples?
- Ball & Socket....Hip, Shoulder
- Hinge....Elbow,Knee
Gliding....Wrist,Ankle
Pivot....Atlas & Axis(neck),Ulna & Radius(forearm)
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 Structure of Bone?
- 1= Medullary Cavity.
- 2=Periosteum
- 3=Compact Bone
- 4=Cancellous Bone
- 5=Yellow Bone Marrow
- 6=Hyaline Cartilage
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Functions of Calcium in the body?
- Strengthening of bones and teeth.
- Functioning of muscles & nerves.
- Regulation of blood acid balance
- Kidney function.
- Brain function.
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Pelvic Girdle Bones?
- 1= Ilium
- 2= Ischium
- 3=Pubis(pubic bone)
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Vertebral Column Sections?
- Cervical - C1-7
- Thoracic - T1-12(contain ribs)
- Lumbar - L1-5
- Sacrum - 5(fused, connected to pelvis)
- Coccyx - 4(fused,tail bone)
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Functions of the Muscular System?
- Generate movement.
- Stabilise joints.
- Maintain Posture.
- Help Regulate Temperature Control
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Components of the Muscular System?
- 1=Muscles
- 2=Tendons
- 3=Fascia
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Types of Muscle and examples?
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What is Smooth Muscle?
- Involuntary.
- Found in walls of internal vessels..eg. arteries, intestines.
- Responsible for moving/stopping fluids & other materials.
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What is Cardiac Muscle?
- Involuntary.
- Produces the pump action of the heart.
- Striated(striped)
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What is Skeletal Muscle?
- Voluntary.
- Enables movement.
- Also striated.
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What can a muscle do(action)?
- A muscle can only do one thing - CONTRACT so at any given time it it's either contracting or not contracting (relaxing). Contract = Shorten.
- A muscle can only pull a bone!
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Types of Muscle contraction?
- Isometric...muscles trying to work but staying the same length - no movement.
- Isotonic...muscle contracts - movement occurs.
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Types of Isotonic contractions?
- Concentric(positive phase)...muscle gets shorter,weight moves up(against gravity)Eccentric(negative phase)...muscle gets longer,weight moves down(with gravity)Controlled descent.
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What is a Tendon?
Connective tissue that joins muscle to bone.
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What is a ligament?
Connective tissue that joins bone to bone.
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Types of Muscle groups(teams)?
- Agonist...prime mover/s.
- Antagonist...opposing muscle/s
- Synergists... assisting muscles.
- Stabilisers...fixators
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What are the functions of the Circulatory System?
- 1=Supply oxygenated blood to all cells.
- 2=Transport nutrients to all cells.
- 3=Remove waste materials.
- 4=Fight infection.
- 5=Help temperature regulation.
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What are the components of the Circulatory System?
- 1=Heart
- 2=Blood
- 3=Blood vessels.
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How many litres of blood in an average adult body?
4-5 litres.
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What are the main functions of blood?
Same functions as the Circulatory System but with the additional function of clotting.
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What is blood composed of?
A liquid called plasma and blood cells themselves.
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What makes up the plasma in blood?
- Mainly water (carries mineral salts, nutrients & waste.
- Also contains hormones, enzymes,gases, antibodies.
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What are the 3 types of blood cells?
Red,White & Platelets.
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