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Emergent Literacy
- skills knowledge and attitudes that are precursors to conventional reading and writing
- lack of skills = negative impact on reading and writing long term
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Primary Targets
- phonological awareness
- alphabetic awareness
- oral lang skills
- emergent writing
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Phonological Awareness
- ability to reflect on and manipulate phoneme segments of speech
- phonemes
- decoding
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Print Concepts
understanding of use and function of print when reading and writing
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Alphabetic Awareness
knowing letter names
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Emergent Writing
- name writing
- invented spelling
- strong predictor of later reading proficiency
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Social Literacy
children's affective response to shared lit experience
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Literacy Orientation
includes aspects of temperament, motivation, and attention in response to book reading
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Embedded-Explicit Approach
- two faceted intervention model used to foster early lit development
- embedded: naturalistic, adult primed activity
- explicit: structured, sequenced, adult directed instruction
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Intervention Strategies
- rhyme and chant
- syllable recognition
- initial sound awareness
- print referencing
- literate language
- story dictation
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Cultural considerations
- maintain first language and learn English as a second
- may face additional challenges learning to read and write
- code switching shows level of linguistic ability that will support academic success
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Narrative Micro-structure
- internal linguistic features occurring with/in oral narratives
- syntax, cohesive devices, contextualized lang)
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Narrative Macro-structure
- overall story organization
- story episode
- initiating event
- attempt
- consequence
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PA and Spelling
segment words into individual phonemes
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Visual Storage and Spelling
- form and maintain visual images of words, morphemes, and syllables
- weakness shown when child spells the same word differently at different times
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Orthographic Knowledge
recognize that some letter combinations are allowed and others are not
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Morphological Knowledge
- ability to ID base words and their inflected forms
- ex) confess, confessor, confessional
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Inflectual Morphemes
added to words to give additional info about time/quantity
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Derivational Morphemes
- prefix, suffix
- change meaning or word class
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Reading Comprehension
combo of higher level mental processes including thinking, reasoning, imagining, ad interpreting
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Executive Functions Needed for Good Writing Skills
- inhibit actions
- attending selectively to important info
- setting goals
- planning and organizing behaviors
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Cultural Considerations
- communicative styles
- home literacy practices
- build on community's funds of knowledge
- access to reading culture that aids academic success
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I to I Model
- based on vygotsky social interaction theory
- five levels of shared interactions
- reading and writing helps interact with the world
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Explicit Phonological Awareness Intervention
- skill based, teacher directed behavioral therapy
- focus on phoneme level
- intensive and explicit PA instruction
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Writing Lab Approach
- focus on meaningful writing activities
- social interactionist and constructivist approaches
- teach the writing process
- use computer support
- projects shared with an audience
- collab to edit and revise
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