History 201-03

• Second Bank of the US
• Tariff of 1816
• Internal Improvements Bill

• Built in Philadelphia
• Modeled after Alexander Hamilton's first Bank
• Established to unite the states and give the federal government the power to regulate trade and coin money

• Taxed all goods coming into the US that the country could make themselves
• It equalized the cost of American and British goods
• Americans were more likely to buy American made goods

• John C. Calhoun supported it
• It established a better trade route within the US so goods could move faster and be cheaper

• Dartmouth vs Woodward
• McCulloch vs Maryland

• Supreme Court Chief Justice
• Helped establish the Supreme Court as the body of government that determined legality and constitutionality of laws

• Dartmouth College was chartered by the British
• The states wanted to interfere with the college and take control
• Supreme Court ruled that a state cannot interfere with a private contract without permission

• Determined the constitutionality of the National Bank
• Deemed the Bank constitutional because the goal was constitutional although a national bank wasn't specified in the Constitution

• Rush-Bagot Agreement
• Anglo-American Accords
• Adams-Onis Treaty
• Monroe Doctrine

• Secretary of State
• Sons of former president John Adams
• Set up agreements and treaties with foreign governments

The American-British agreement limiting the amount of Navy ships in the seas to prevent confrontations

• Solved the dispute over the Canada and Louisiana Purchase boundary line
• Established the boundary line at the 49th parallel
• Gave America and Britain joint custody over the Oregon country

It secured the eastern seaboard except Canada to the US

Was established to restrict any other countries from colonizing in South America by promising that the US wouldn't interfere in the affairs of foreign countries

• Planned to rid North America of Spanish claim
• Would allow Britain to have part control over Spanish territories
• John Quincy Adams suggested to Monroe to decline offer because he believed US could take over Spanish territory with British help

The US bought Alaska from Russia

• Land speculation in the West
• Bank of US couldn't back up loans
• Banks went bankrupt

• Proposed that no more slaves could be brought into the Missouri territory
• Gave gradual emancipation to children born of slaves
• Unsuccessful

• Henry Clay came up with it
• Missouri could be admitted as a slave state but Maine would have to separate from NY
• Deemed the 36/30 parallel the boundary between free and slave states

Invented the mechanical reaper to harvest crops efficiently

• Lancaster Pike
• National Road
• Claremont Steamboat
• Erie Canal
• Railroads

• Came because of potato famine
• Were under British rule
• Were poor, lived in slums
• Mostly Catholic
• Lived in NY

• Came because of political revolution
• Regarded with suspicion
• Settled in the West, farming

• Citizens of the US felt that the immigrants were inferior
• Order of the Star Spangled Banner became the Know Nothing political party
• They wanted it to be easier to deport foreigners

• Through spies delivering secrets from British factories
• Samuel Slater and Francis Cabot Lowell

• Young single women lived in dormitories and worked in the factory
• Made a dollar a week working 6 days a week from dusk until dawn

• Invented the cotton gin
• Invented interchangeable parts

Invented Morse code telegraphs

Invented the transatlantic cable connecting America and Europe

Invented the sewing machine

The Mormon faith

• Founder: Joseph Smith
• Polygamy
• Brigham Young led them to Utah

• Practice of not drinking alcohol
• Successful

• Evangelicals
• Wanted to stop the post office from delivering mail on Sundays
• Wanted to prevent businesses from opening on Sundays
• Wanted to restrict recreational activities on Sundays

• Wanted a tax supported public school system
• Poor needed their children to work
• Catholic created own schools to avoid Protestant teachings

• Rehabilitation instead of death penalty
• Dorthea Dix helped institute asylums for the mentally insane to stay out of jail

Troy Seminary opened to offer collegiate studies to women

Mt Holyoke School

Opened her home to escaped slaves

Kept her maiden name

• Advocated suffrage
• Left "obey" out of wedding vows

Lectured for women's rights

lectured to mixed audiences that men and women were equal

Created pants for women to wear underneath shorter skirts

• Women's Right Convention
• Demanded right to vote

• Created own society
• "shook" off sin
• Women and men were separated
• Prohibited individual ownership of property
• Relied on new members coming in

• Polygamy
• Communal ownership of property
• Leader was arrested for adultery

• Established in Indiana
• Vision had a protective wall around the community

• Harriett Beecher Stowe wrote it
• Made slavery a personal issue

• Community of freed slaves in Africa
• Capital was Monrovia after James Monroe
• Unsuccessful

• Radical, militant abolitionist
• Published The Liberator

• Escaped slave
• Lectured against slavery

• A black preacher who stirred up support for the antislavery movement
• The rebellion failed
• Slave owners disallowed black preachers to hold services

A freed slave who traveled North to speak about slavery and women's rights

• Religion
• Prior societies held slaves
• Northern workers were depicted as tired and unhappy, but Southerners were depicted as happy and healthy
• Biology

• "politics of the common man"
• Led by Andrew Jackson

• All Republican candidates
• Andrew Jackson
• Henry Clay
• William Crawford
• John Quincy Adams
• Jackson won the popular vote, but there was no majority vote in the Electoral College
• House of Representatives chose Adams as president

• Clay was the Speaker of the House and helped persuade the House to choose Adams as president
• Adams chose Clay as his Secretary of State

• Nationalistic
• Pro Tariff
• Pro national bank

Adams' nationalistic views weren't shred by the public

• Taxed imported goods to help raise American economy
• South relied on these importations because they didn't manufacture their own goods
• North benefited from the tax because their goods were being bought

• Vice President John C. Calhoun secretly wrote it
• A pamphlet against the Tariff of Abomination
• Claimed tariff was unconstitutional
• Stated that the tariff should be declared null and void by the states

• Two new parties: Jacksonian Democrats and National Republicans
• Campaign was vicious with personal attacks
• Jackson's wife was rumored to be an adulteress and died of a broken heart right after Jackson took office
• Jackson won

• politicians rewarded their loyal supporters with positions in government
• Jackson justified the system
• It was said to strengthen the political machine

Secretary of State under Jackson

An informal group of people Jackson went to for advice

• Peggy O'Neil was the daughter of a tavern owner
• Peggy married Secretary of War Eaton
• Calhoun's wife created rumors about Peggy
• Jackson ordered his cabinet to be nice to Peggy
• Only Van Buren was nice to her

• Written by Henry Clay
• Promoted the federal funding of a road in Kentucky
• Jackson vetoed it

• North-Daniel Webster
• South- Robert Hayne
• Defined the line between North and South

• People created the Constitution, not the states
• Supreme Court was final word on constitutionality
• Against nullification of federal laws by the states

• New England disloyalty in War of 1812
• Condemned Tariff of Abominations
• Supported states' right to nullify federal law

• Whether states could nullify federal law or not
• A banquet was held to get Jackson's stand on the issue
• Jackson stood up for federal government
• South Carolina nullified the Tariff of Abominations

Written by Henry Clay to ease the tension over the nullification crisis

• Called the Bloody Bill bu South Carolina
• Authorized the president to use force to collect federal tariff duties
• South Carolina nullified it

• Clay brought up the recharter of the national bank early
• Jackson vetoed the Bank's recharter
• Jackson declared the Bank unconstitutional
• Jackson took out the federal money and put it in pet banks

• Anti-masonic party was created in opposition to Jackson
• Jackson won popular vote

• Originated in New York
• Wirt was their candidate
• Merged into the Whig Party

Required all public land to be purchased with hard money

• Trail of Tears
• Removed Native Americans from their homes to Oklahoma
• Cherokees, Seminoles, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws

• Cherokees fought back against the Indian Removal Act using the law
• John Marshall sided with the Cherokees
• Jackson told Marshall to try to enforce the law

• Mexico gave him permission to settle Texas as long as the settlers were Catholic, became Mexicanized, and didn't own slaves
• Mexican dictator Santa Ana put Austin in jail because the settlers weren't following the rules

• Texas declared independence from Mexico and called it the Republic of Texas
• Some states wanted to annex Texas, but the issue of slavery was stalling the process
• Battle of the Alamo
• Santa Ana was captured in San Jacinto where he agreed to remove troops from Texas and recognize the Rio Grande as the official border to Mexico
• Santa Ana took back his word after his release

• Whig Party was created in opposition to Jackson
• Whigs: William Henry Harrison, Hugh Lawson White, and Daniel Webster
• Democrats: Martin Van Buren
• Van Buren won the election

• States' rights supporter
• Clay's American System
• Included reformers, evangelists, Anti-masonic party

Wanted to split the vote to prevent a majority vote and force the House to choose the president

• An abundance of land
• Easy credit terms
• Lots of debt
• Britain stopped buying cotton and tightened their credit terms
• Bank failures
• Foreclosures

Van Buren took federal money out of the pet banks and put it into an independent treasury

• Any antislavery petition that was brought up in Congress was immediately tabeled without discussion
• South supported it

• Whigs: William Henry Harrison and John Tyler as VP
• Democrat: Martin Van Buren
• Harrison won, but died of pneumonia after his inauguration speech which gave Tyler the presidency

• An American steamer that helped send supplies to Canadian rebels in the fight against Britain
• Britain set the steamer on fire

• An American ship stolen by Virginian escaped slaves
• The British gave the slaves asylum in the Bahamas

Between American and British lumberjacks in the land disputed between Maine and New Brunswick

Fixed the boundary line dispute between Maine and New Brunswick

• Whigs: Henry Clay
• Democrats: James K. Polk
• Manifest Destiny
• Polk won

• Tyler wanted to annex Texas
• Pro-slavery/Anti-slavery

• Americans were winning population battle over Britain
• Wanted annexation up to the 54/40 parallel

The idea that Americans had the right from God to expansion of territory

49th parallel

To annex California

Over the California territory, the boundary line for Texas, and the Southwest territories

• Sent by Polk to negotiate the purchase of California and the boundary of Texas at the Rio Grande
• Offered $30 million plus the cancellation of Mexican debt to the US
• Was rejected

• American general who marched his men into the disputed land in Texas
• Was attacked, but the attack failed

American who helped overthrow the Mexican government in California

American general who traveled from New Orleans to Mexico City with American state department diplomat Nicholas P. Trist to negotiate

• Ended Mexican War
• Gave US Utah, California, and New Mexico
• Mexico recognized American claim to Texas
• US agreed to pay $15 million for land and free Mexico of their debt to the US

Stated that slavery could not exist in any land taken from Mexico