Chapter 9 Vocab

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- The molecules that carry the body's genetic information.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
- A threadlike structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along with the genes are located.

Chromosome
- A substance composed of a large number of atoms. These atoms are usually arranged in repeating units.

Polymer
- A repeating unit of DNA consisting of one of four bases- adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine -attached to a phosphate sugar group.

Nucleotide
- The specific pairing of base A and T and base C with G in double-stranded DNA.

Complementary Base Pairing
- Polymers of amino acids that play basic roles in the structure and function of living things.

Proteins
- The building blocks of protein.

Amino Acids
- The order of bases on all twenty-three pairs of human chromosomes.

Human Genome
- The synthesis of new DNA from existing DNA.

Replication
- A technique for replicating or copying a portion of a DNA strand outside a living cell.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
- Region of a chromosome that contains multiple copies of a core DNA sequence arranged in a repeating fashion.

Tandem Repeat
- Different fragment lengths of base pairs that result from cutting a DNA molecule with restriction enzymes.

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP)
- Chemical that acts as scissors to cut DNA molecules at specific locations.

Restriction Enzyme
- A technique for separating molecules through their migration on a support medium under the influence of an electrical potential.

Electrophoresis
- The process of joining two complementary strands of DNA to form a double-stranded molecule.

Hybridization
- A short strand of DNA used to target a region of DNA for replication by PCR.

Primer
- A region of DNA molecule that contains short segments of three to seven repeating base pairs.

Short Tandem Repeat (STR)
- A technique that simultaneously detects more than one DNA marker in a single analysis.

Multiplexing
- A genetic locus useful for determining gender.

Amelogenin Gene
- Short tandem repeats located on the human Y chromosome.

Y-STRs
- Small structures outside the nucleus that supply energy to the cell.

Mitochondria
- One-trillionth of a gram, or 0.00000000001 gram.

Pictogram
- A procedure used to determine the order of the base pairs that constitute DNA.

Sequencing
- Fewer than eighteen DNA-bearing cells.

Low Copy Number
- The outer layer of skin cells.

Epithelial Cells
- An unstained object adjacent to an area on which biological material has been deposited.

Substrate Control
- Cells from the inner cheek lining.

Buccal Cells

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Chapter 9 Vocab

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[fighting Foot Soldiers] Michaelangelo: Hey Donny, looks like this one is suffering from SHELL shock! Donatello: Too derivative. Michaelangelo: Well, I guess we can really SHELL it out! Donatello: Too cliché. Michaelangelo: Well, it was a SHELL of a good hit! Donatello: I like it!

Updated

2018-12-04T11:07:07Z

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