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physio test 2
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neuromatrix of pain
nociception+perception = integrated response
(Environment effects perception and response)
3 dimentions of pain:
Sensory-discriminative (intesisty, duration)
Motivational-affective (unpleasentness and urge to escape)
Cognitive-evuative (distractions)
Primary sensory cotex=
Secondary Sensory Cortex=
Primary sensory cotex= Localization
Secondary Sensory Cortex= Motivational affect (sore)
Pain is defined as...
an emotional experience
Descartes believed that
increased pain perception=increased intellignce
Nociceptors:
A delta
A beta
C
C =>
burning pain =>
temps
chemical
A Delta =>
accurate localization
A beta=>
Vibration
Position
What activates nociceptors
Inflammation
tissue damage
What type of neurotransmitter is GABA?
inhibitory
Cellular changes in response to nociceptive transmission (4)
Cellular remodeling
Receptor expression
Neuropeptide expression
Cell proliferation
Gate Control theory resulted in:
First idea of motivation and perception
(Large Fibers are inhibitory ->
Blocks nocireceptors)
Good Pain Vs. Bad Pain
Good
: Protective
Bad:Hypersensivity, problematic and no physiological purpose
Types of pain:
Acute/Chronic
Physiological/Pathophysiological
Clinical manifestations of pathologicl pain
Hyperalgesia (exaggerated response)
Allodynia (response to a non-noxious stimulus)
Hyperalgesia
exaggerated response
Allodynia response to a non-noxious stimulus
response to a non-noxious stimulus
hyperalgesia and allodynia causes a...
amplified and persistant transmission of action potentials
Peripheral sensitization is induced by:
inflammatory mediators
(transmit an amplified signal to the spinal relay center)
Function of pre-emptive analgesia
prevents onset of central sensitization and
attenuates peripheral inflammation
When stimulated, rods and cones.... (3 steps)
cis -> trans
lose opsin
bleaching
What do the structural changes in photoreceptors cause?
transduction:
open/close Na channels ->
changes in membrane potential
Hyper/depolarization of photoreceptors are transmitted as receptor potentials from __ to ___
retinal network
to
ganglion cells
what makes photopigments sensitive to various wavelengths
different amounts of opsin
How is photopigment concetration regulated in dark and light conditions
Dark
: Vit A -> cis-retinal and stored in photoreceptors
Light Cis-restinal -> Vit A
hair cells synapse w/
vestibulocochlear nerve
what amplifies initiates depolarization of stereocilia
basilar membrane deviates/pushes spiral organ to/away from tecorial mmbrane ->
defomatio of sensory hair cells ->
K+ in
Auditory depolarization is transmitted to CrN ___
8 (trigeminal)
Conduction deafness =
Conduction=
external ear canal
ear drum
middle ear
Nerve Deafness=
innerer/spiral organ
tympanic reflex
contraction of middle ear to protect inner ear (whales)
Macula consist of
saccule
untricle
Vestibular organ conects to
gamma/alpha motor neurons (posture)
cerebellum (coordination)
eye muscles (nystagmus)
pathological vs physiological nystagmus
pathological
: eye movements w/o head rotations
physiological
: eyes stay fixed until cant any longer
Vestibular Syndrome
circling/rolling, usually accompanied w/ pathological nystagmus
Author
HLW
ID
34392
Card Set
physio test 2
Description
neuro
Updated
2010-09-13T03:44:38Z
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