NMT muscles

JOINT(S): Elbow, Shoulder

ORIGIN: Short head – a flat tendon shared with the coracobrachialis from the apex of the coracoid process.

Long head – The supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and the adjacent glenoid labrum of the glenohumeral joint.

INSERTION: Posterior part of the tuberosity of the radius and the aponeurosis of the biceps brachii.

ACTION: Elbow flexion, Glenohumeral Joint flexion

ANTAGONIST: Triceps Brachii

JOINT(S): Elbow

ORIGIN: Anterior Lower half of humerus and medial and lateral inter-muscular septa.

INSERTION: Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna.

ACTION: Elbow Flexion , Glenohumeral Joint flexion

ANTAGONIST: Triceps Brachii

JOINT(S): Elbow

ORIGIN: Proximal two thirds of the lateral ridge of the humerus and lateral inter-muscular septal fascia.

INSERTION: Lateral surface of distal end of radial styloid process.

ACTION: Elbow Flexion and assists in pronation and supination of the forearm.ANTAGONIST: Triceps Brachii

JOINT(S): Shoulder

ORIGIN: Coracoid process of scapula.

INSERTION: Upper half medial border of humerus.

ACTION: Flexes and weakly adducts arm.

ANTAGONIST: Triceps Brachii

JOINT(S): Neck

ORIGIN: Manubrium of the sternum and medial clavicle.

INSERTION: Mastoid Process of the temporal bone.

ACTION: Rotates to the side opposite that contracting and laterally flexes to the contracted side. Bilaterally flexes the cervical spine.

ANTAGONIST: Itself.

JOINT(S): Shoulder

ORIGIN: Third, fourth and fifth ribs.

INSERTION: Medial and upper surface of the coracoid process of the scapula.

ACTION: Elevates the ribs, protracts scapula along with serratus anterior and supports abduction and flexion of the

shoulder joint.

ANTAGONIST: Rotator Cuff and Lower Trapezius.

JOINT(S): Shoulder

ORIGIN: Medial half of the anterior surface of the clavicle, the manubrium and sternum, and the cartilage of ribs 1 to 6.

INSERTION: Lateral crest of the inter tubercular groove of the humerus.

ACTION: Adduct and medially rotate the humerus. Can assist in breathing and shoulder stabilisation.

ANTAGONIST: Latissimus Dorsi, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus and Teres Major.

JOINT(S): Shoulder

ORIGIN: Lateral third of clavicle, acromium, spine of scapula to deltoid tubercle.

INSERTION: Middle of lateral surface of the humerus (deltoid tuberosity).

ACTION: Abducts arm, anterior fibres flex and medially rotate, while posterior fibres extend and laterally rotate.

ANTAGONIST: Itself and Latissimus Dorsi.

JOINT(S): Scapula

ORIGIN: Upper eight ribs, anterior intercostal membranes and interdigitating with the external obliques.

INSERTION: Medial border of the scapula.

ACTION: Protracts & stabilizes the scapula and assists in upward rotation.

ANTAGONIST: Rhomboids, Subscapularis and Mid Trapezius

JOINT(S):  Lumbar Vertebrae

ORIGIN: Costal margin, lumbar fascia, anterior two-thirds of iliac crest and inguinal ligament.

INSERTION: Aponeurosis of posterior and anterior rectus sheath and conjoint tendon to pubic crest and pectineal line.

ACTION: Supports abdominal wall and aids forced expiration.

ANTAGONIST: None

JOINT(S): Lumbar Vertebrae

ORIGIN: Pubic crest and symphysis pubis via two tendons separated by the linea alba.

INSERTION: Costal cartilages of the fifth to seventh ribs and xiphoid process.

ACTION: With the origin fixed, the chest wall will move towards the pelvis. With the insertion fixed, the pelvis will move towards the chest.

ANTAGONIST: Erector Spinae.

JOINT(S): Lumbar Vertebrae

ORIGIN: Lumbar Fascia, anterior two thirds of the iliac crest and lateral two-thirds of inguinal ligament.

INSERTION: Costal margin, aponeurosis of rectus sheath, conjoint tendon to pubic crest and pectineal line.

ACTION: Supports abdominal wall, assists forced expiration and with the muscles of the other side, abducts and rotates trunk.

ANTAGONIST: Itself

JOINT(S): Lumbar Spine

ORIGIN: Anterior angles of the lower eight ribs.

INSERTION: Outer anterior half of the iliac crest, inguinal ligament, pubic tubercle and crest, and the aponeurosis of the anterior rectus sheath.

ACTION: Supports abdominal wall, assists forced expiration, aids in raising intra-abdominal pressure and, with the muscles of the opposite side, adducts and rotates trunk.

ANTAGONIST: Itself.

JOINT(S): Hip

ORIGIN: Transverse processes of L2 to L5, bodies of T12 to L5 and the intervertebral discs below bodies of T12 to L1.

INSERTION: Middle surface of lesser trochanter of femur.

ACTION: Flexes and laterally rotates the hip.

ANTAGONIST: Gluteus Maximus.

JOINT(S): Hip

ORIGIN: Bodies of T12 and L1 and intervening vertebral discs.

INSERTION: Fascia over Psoas major and iliacus.

ACTION: Weak flexor of trunk.

ANTAGONIST: Lumbar Erectors

JOINT(S): Hip

ORIGIN: Iliac fossa by means of the superior two-thirds of the crest of the ilium, iliolumbar and anterior sacroiliac ligament and ala of the sacrum.

INSERTION: Blending with the lateral aspect of the psoas major over the pelvic rim, slightly distal to the lesser trochanter of the femur.

ACTION: With the origin fixed, it will draw the femur forwards in hip flexion, adduction and external rotation. With the insertion fixed and acting bilaterally, the pelvis is drawn forward.

ANTAGONIST: Gluteus Maximus.

JOINT(S): Hip

ORIGIN: Anterior of pubis in angle between the crest and symphysis.

INSERTION: Middle third of the medial lip of the linea aspera.

ACTION: Leg Adduction.

ANTAGONIST: Abductors.

JOINT(S): Hip

ORIGIN: Inferior or anterior ramus of the pubis in angle between crest and symphysis and the ischial tuberosity.

INSERTION: Entire length of femur from the gluteal tuberosity to the medial condyle of femur.

ACTION: Leg Adduction.

ANTAGONIST: Abductors.

JOINT(S): Hip

ORIGIN: Outer surface of inferior ramus of pubis.

INSERTION: On a line extending from lesser trochanter to upper part of linea aspera.

ACTION: Leg Adduction.

ANTAGONIST: Abductors.

JOINT(S): Hip and Knee

ORIGIN: Anterior lower half of symphysis pubis and medial margin of inferior ramus of pubis.

INSERTION: Front and medial surface of the shaft of the tibia just below the condyle.

ACTION: Leg Adduction.

ANTAGONIST: Abductors.

JOINT(S): Hip

ORIGIN: Pecten line of the pubis between the iliopubic eminence and pubic tubercle.

INSERTION: Pectineal line of femur, from lesser trochanter to linea aspera.

ACTION: Leg Adduction.ANTAGONIST: Abductors.

JOINT(S): Hip and Knee

ORIGIN: ASIS (Anterior Superior Iliac Crest).

INSERTION: Superior aspect of the medial surface of the tibial shaft near the tibial tuberosity.

ACTION: Flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint and flexes the knee (Tailor’s Muscle).

ANTAGONIST: Gluteus Maximus and Adductors.

JOINT(S): Hip and Knee

ORIGIN: AIIS (Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine and acetabulum)

INSERTION: All of the quadriceps wrap up the patella (sesamoid bone) with each having a specific and unique line of pull on the patella. They share a common tendon called the patellar tendon/ligament, attaches onto the tibial tuberosity.

ACTION: Extends the knee joint, flexes the hip.

ANTAGONIST: Hamstrings.

JOINT(S): Hip and Knee

ORIGIN: Intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity and lateral lip of the linea aspera.

INSERTION: All of the quadriceps wrap up the patella (sesamoid bone) with each having a specific and unique line of pull on the patella. They share a common tendon called the patellar tendon/ligament, attaches onto the tibial tuberosity.

ACTION: Extends the knee joint.ANTAGONIST: Hamstring

JOINT(S): Hip and Knee

ORIGIN: Anterior intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera and medial supracondylar line.

INSERTION: All of the quadriceps wrap up the patella (sesamoid bone) with each having a specific and unique line of pull on the patella. They share a common tendon called the patellar tendon/ligament, attaches onto the tibial tuberosity.

ACTION: Extends the knee joint.

ANTAGONIST: Hamstrings.

JOINT(S): Hip and Knee

ORIGIN: Anterior lateral surface of the femur, distal half of the linea aspera and the lateral inter-muscular septum.

INSERTION: All of the quadriceps wrap up the patella (sesamoid bone) with each having a specific and unique line of pull on the patella. They share a common tendon called the patellar tendon/ligament, attaches onto the tibial tuberosity.

ACTION: Extends the knee joint.

ANTAGONIST: Hamstrings.

JOINT(S): Ankle

ORIGIN: Lateral condyle and lateral two-thirds of tibia.

INSERTION: Medial and plantar surface of medial cuneiform bone.

ACTION: Dorsiflexes the foot and assists in inversion.

ANTAGONIST: Soleus and Gastrocnemius.

JOINT(S): Elbow and Shoulder

ORIGIN: Long head - infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula.

Lateral head- posterior humerus.

Medial head - lower half posterior humerus.

INSERTION: Posterior part of upper surface of olecranon process of ulna and posterior capsule.

ACTION: Extends the elbow.

ANTAGONIST: Biceps Brachii.

JOINT(S): Scapula

ORIGIN: Spines of C7 to T5.

INSERTION: Posteromedial border of scapula.

ACTION: Retracts, adducts, elevates and internally rotates the scapula.

ANTAGONIST: Serratus Anterior, Pectoralis Major, Lower and Upper Trapezius.

JOINT(S): Vertebral Column.

ORIGIN: Erector spinae muscles conjoin the thoracolumbar fascia attaching at several different angles to the crest of the ilium and sacrum, spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae and the mastoid process.

INSERTION: Varied aYachments to the costal bones, spinous and transverse processes of the thoracic and cervical vertebrae and mastoid process.

ACTION: Extends the vertebral column and rotates the column to the opposite side.

ANTAGONIST: Rectus abdominus.

JOINT(S): Shoulder and neck.

ORIGIN: Medial third superior nuchal line, ligament nuchae, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments to T12.

INSERTION: Upper fibres to lateral third of posterior border of clavicle, lower fibres to medial acromium and superior lip of spine of scapula to deltoid tubercle.

ACTION: Laterally rotates, elevates and retracts the scapula. If scapula is fixed, extends and laterally flexes the neck.

ANTAGONIST: Levator scapula, upper and lower trapezius and pectoralis minor.

JOINT(S): Shoulder

ORIGIN: Medial three quarters of supraspinous fossa of scapula and upper surface of spine.

INSERTION: Superior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder joint.

ACTION: Abducts arm, weak external rotator and stabilises the glenohumeral joint.

ANTAGONIST: Pectoralis major, teres major and latissimus dorsi.

JOINT(S): Shoulder

ORIGIN: Medial three quarters of infraspinous fossa of scapula and fibrous intermuscular septa.

INSERTION: Middle facet of greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of the shoulder joint.

ACTION: Laterally rotates arm and stabilises the shoulder joint.

ANTAGONIST: Pectoralis major, teres major and latissimus dorsi.

JOINT(S): Shoulder

ORIGIN: Middle third lateral border of scapula above teres major.

INSERTION: Inferior facet of greater tuberosity of humerus (below infraspinatus) and capsule of shoulder joint.

ACTION: Laterally rotates arm and stabilises the shoulder joint.

ANTAGONIST: Teres Major, Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi and Subscapularis.

JOINT(S): Shoulder

ORIGIN: Medial two thirds of scapular fossa.

INSERTION: Lesser tuberosity of humerus, upper medial lip of bicipital groove and capsule of the shoulder joint.

ACTION: Medially rotates arm and stabilises the shoulder joint.

ANTAGONIST: Infraspinatus, teres minor, deltoid and supraspinatus.

JOINT(S): Shoulder

ORIGIN: Arising from the dorsal humeral surface of the inferior angle of the scapula.

INSERTION: The fascia of the latissimus dorsi and attaching to the crest of the inter-tubercular groove.

ACTION: Medially rotates, extends and adducts the humerus at the glenohumeral joint.

ANTAGONIST: Pectoralis Minor, Infraspinatus, Posterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major.

JOINT(S): Shoulder Joint

ORIGIN: Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior three or four ribs

INSERTION: Intertubercular groove of humerus

ACTION: Adducts, extends and medially rotates the humerus in the glenohumeral joint.

ANTAGONIST: Deltoids.

JOINT(S): Vertebral Column

ORIGIN: Inferior border of the twelfth rib

INSERTION: Transverse processes of L1 to L4, iliolumbar ligament and posterior third of iliac crest

ACTION: Laterally flexes trunk

ANTAGONIST: Itself

JOINT(S): Hip

ORIGIN: Gluteal surface of the ilium behind the posterior gluteal line, posterior border of the ilium, aponeurosis of the erector spinae, sacrotuberous ligament and gluteal aponeurosis.

INSERTION: Iliotibial band of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity of the femur.

ACTION: Laterally rotates, extends and assists in adduction at the hip joint.

ANTAGONIST: Hip Flexors (Iliacus and Psoas Major).

JOINT(S): Hip

ORIGIN: Outer surface of the ilium between posterior and middle gluteal lines.

INSERTION: Posterolateral surface of greater trochanter of femur.

ACTION: Abducts, internally and externally rotates the hip.

ANTAGONIST: Adductors and Hip Flexors.

JOINT(S): Hip

ORIGIN: Outer surface of ilium between middle and inferior gluteal lines.

INSERTION: Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur.

ACTION: Abducts and medially rotates hip.

ANTAGONIST: Adductors and Hip Flexors.

JOINT(S): Hip and knee.

ORIGIN: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS), outer lip of anterior iliac crest and fascia lata.

INSERTION: Via Iliotibial band onto the tibia.

ACTION: Assists to stabilise and steady hip and knee joints by putting tension on the iliotibial band of fascia and flexes and abducts the thigh.

ANTAGONIST: Adductors.

JOINT(S): Hip

ORIGIN: Second, third and fourth costotransverse bars of the anterior sacrum and a small number of fibres arise from the sciatic notch.

INSERTION: Superior border of greater trochanter of femur.

ACTION: Laterally rotates the hip and abducts the thigh when the hip is flexed.

ANTAGONIST: Adductors, Tensor Fasciae Lata and Gluteus Minimus.

JOINT(S): Ankle and Knee

ORIGIN: Medial and lateral condyles of the femur and from the capsule of the knee joint and oblique popliteal ligament.

INSERTION: Posterior surface of the calcaneus.

ACTION: Plantar flexion and flexes the leg at the knee.

ANTAGONIST: Tibialis Anterior.

JOINT(S): Knee and hip joint.

ORIGIN: Attaches from the ischial tuberosity.

INSERTION: Attaches to the posteromedial tibia by means of the tibial condyle.

ACTION: Flexes the knee joint. Medially rotates the knee joint and assist in medial rotation of the hip when the knee is flexed.

ANTAGONIST: Quadriceps

JOINT(S): Knee and hip joint.

ORIGIN: Attaches from the ischial tuberosity.

INSERTION: Attaches to the posteromedial tibia by means of the tibial condyle.

ACTION: Flexes the knee joint. Medially rotates the knee joint and assist in medial rotation of the hip when the knee is flexed.

ANTAGONIST: Quadriceps

JOINT(S): Knee and hip joint.

ORIGIN: Attaches from the ischial tuberosity. BF also has a long head that blends with the sacrotuberous ligament and a short head that blends with the linea aspera and the intermuscular septum.

INSERTION: Attaches to the posteromedial tibia by means of the tibial condyle. BF attaches to the lateral surface of the tibia including the deep fascia.

ACTION: Flexes the knee joint. Medially rotates the knee joint and assist in medial rotation of the hip when the knee is flexed. BF laterally rotates the knee joint and assists in lateral rotation of the hip joint when the knee is flexed.

ANTAGONIST: Quadriceps

JOINT(S): Ankle

ORIGIN: This broad flat muscle attaches from the soleal line on the medial border of the tibia, posterior surface of the upper third of the fibula and the fibrous arch between.

INSERTION: By means of the calcaneal tendon (heel bone).

ACTION: Plantar Flexion.

ANTAGONIST: Tibialis Anterior.