MGT&PRODhis

Emphasized a rational, scientific approach to the study of management. Sought to make organizations efficient.

• Developed standard methods for performing work
• Selected workers with appropriate abilities for the job.
• Trained workers in standard method.
• Supported workers by planning and eliminating interruptions
• Provided wage incentives for increased output.

• Labor is divided with clear definitions of authority and responsibilty
• Positions are in hierarchy of authority
• Personnel are selected and promoted based on qualifications
• Acts and decisions are recorded in writing
• Management is separate from ownership
• Rules and procedures ensure reliable and predictable behavior. Rules are impersonal and uniformly applied.

• Focused on the organization rather than the individual
• Delineated the managemnet functions of planning, organizing, coordinating, and controlling.

• division of work
• authority
• discipline
• unity of command
• unity of direction
• subordination of individual interest for the common good
• remuneration
• centralization
• scalar chain
• order
• equity
• stability of tenure of staff
• initiative
• esprit de corps

Emphasized understanding human behavior. Truly effective control comes from within the individual worker rather than authoritarian control.

Distinguished for applications of mathematics and statistics to problem solving

• Open vs. Closed systems
• Entropy
• Synergy
• Subsystems

• Employee involvement
• Focus on the customer
• Benchmarking
• Continuous improvement