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If the Q10 of an animal’s metabolic rate is 2, then
the animal consumes half as much oxygen per hour at 20°C as it does at 30°C.
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Which statement about brown fat is true?
It produces heat without producing much ATP.
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What is the difference between negative feedback mechanisms and positive feedback mechanisms?
Negative feedback mechanisms return a system to a set point, whereas positive feedback mechanisms amplify a response.
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Elephants use their ears to release heat to the environment. What mechanisms might they employ to increase heat loss from the ears?
Increased blood flow to their ears
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On a hot day, an old dog pants heavily and visits his water bowl frequently in between naps. Which of the following statements about the dog’s condition or behavior is true?
He is lowering his core body temperature by means of evaporative water loss.
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A lizard lives in a temperate desert environment where the temperature is cold at night and warm during the day. In order for the lizard to maintain the most stable body temperature, it could
stay in a burrow during the night and shuttle between the sun and shade on the surface during the day.
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When faced with rising environmental temperature within its thermoneutral zone, an endotherm should
increase contact between skin and water of a lower temperature.
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“Hot” fishes differ from “cold” fishes in having
the ability to retain heat generated in swimming muscles.
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The mechanism of heat transfer that occurs when two physical objects at different temperatures come into direct contact is called
conduction.
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Which correctly represents an energy budget?
Metabolism + radiation absorbed = convection + conduction + evaporation + radiation lost
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Which is an example of acclimatization?
- An organism changes the number of proteins in its cell membranes to make the membranes more fluid in cold temperatures and less fluid in warm temperatures.
- A fish expresses enzymes with different temperature optima to catalyze the same reactions in summer and winter.
- A mammal sheds its heavy winter coat of fur for a lighter coat in summer.
- Humans gradually adapt to increases in altitude by increasing red blood cells.
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The four basic tissue types are
epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous.
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You are a graduate student on an expedition studying animals in an area of a national park that is about to be opened to the public for recreation and limited logging. Part of this study is to survey and describe the mammalian life in the area. You find a small rodent that has a short tail, copious brown fat deposits, and oil in its fur. From these anatomical features, what can you infer about this animal?
It likely hibernates and spends some time in the water.
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All of the following statements about sex hormones are correct except:
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are gonadotropins produced by the anterior pituitary in individuals with an XX genotype but not an XY genotype.
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Which of the following statements is not true of blood sugar regulation?
Insulin is a small steroid hormone.
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When a tumor grows in an endocrine gland, oversecretion of the gland’s hormone(s) oftenresults. Which might be associated with a tumor of the parathyroid glands?
- Weakened bones
- Kidney stones
- Increased conversion of vitamin D to calcitriol Decreased activity of the nervous system
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Which hormones change blood levels of calcium?
Calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, calcitriol
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Which shows the correct sequence of components leading up to and following hormone secretion by the thyroid gland?
Change in physiological environment; hypothalamus; thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); anterior pituitary; thyrotropin (TSH); thyroid gland; thyroxine
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All of the following characterize the posterior pituitary except:
It originates from the floor of embryonic brain.
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The neurohormones antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) and oxytocin are produced by the
hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary.
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Portal blood vessels connect the _______ to the _______.
hypothalamus; anterior pituitary
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