APUSH Chapter 10 Henretta Edition 8

• new political parties that emerged
• wove together interests of diverse social and economic groups
• first nationwide political party: Jacksonian Democrats

• used by Van Buren
• a system in which benefits, including jobs, money, or protection are granted in exchange for political support

• none of the candidates were able to secure a majority of the electoral vote
• the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams over rival Andrew Jackson

• election of 1824
• A political scandal that arose when the Speaker of the House, Henry Clay, allegedly met with John Quincy Adams before the House election to break a deadlock. Adams was elected president against the popular vote and Clay was named Secretary of State

• embraced American System proposed by Clay
• policies favored business elite of Northeast and commercial farmers of the Midwest
• did not get much support from the South
• Tariff of 1824: protected Northern manufacturers against imports, raised duties on raw materials, angered the South because they had to by either higher cost American goods or heavily taxed British goods

• system supported by Henry Clay to promote American industry
• the strong banking system, government-funded transportation network, and a protective tariff

• the president appoints civil servants to government jobs specifically because they are loyal to him and to his political party
• used by Andrew Jackson in 1828
• civil service of 1828 was filled with incompetence and complacency

the practice of changing public officers at frequent intervals by discharges and substitutions

• democratic party
• a message of equal rights and popular rule, hostility towards native Americans and the American system
• his main priority was to destroy the American system

• created first statewide political machine
• relied on the use of newspapers to generate a platform and patronage
• spoils system: gave supporters jobs after electoral victories
• insisted on party discipline and required state legislatures to follow the rules made by a caucus (meeting of party leaders)

• supported American system
• corrupt bargain scandal with John Quincy Adams

• the leader of Whig party
• did not like Andrew Jackson and the democratic party
• advocated for modernization, banking, and industry

• South Carolina held a constitutional convention in 1832 against the tariff of 1828
• Andrew Jackson received authorization from Congress to use military force
• Henry Clay offered a compromise to prevent violence
• tariff was gradually lowered

• an important politician in the South
• advocated for slavery and state's rights
• vice president for Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams

• gave territory in Oklahoma and Kansas to Native Americans as long as they gave up their ancestral land
• Jackson sent troops to expel Native Americans in Illinois, resulted in the Bad Axe Massacre

• questioned US authority over Native American nations
• Supreme Court ruled that since the Cherokee nation was a separate political entity and the state of Georgia's law was unconstitutional

• army rounded up 14,000 Cherokees and marched them 1200 miles to Oklahoma
• 3,000 people died of starvation and exposure

• the chief justice of the US
• ruled that slaves and their descendants would have no rights as citizens
• gave constitutional legitimacy to state's rights and free enterprise
• appointed by Andrew Jackson

• The Charles River Bridge Company protested when the Warren Bridge Company was authorized to build a free bridge where it had been chartered to operate a toll bridge
• Taney's rulings undermined legal positions of chartered corporations
• encouraged competitive enterprise
• a charter granted by a state to a company cannot work to the disadvantage of the public

• began when the church of England reduced the flow of money and credit to the US
• threw American economy into disarray
• the economy fell into depression by 1839

• a vision of a political world dominated by men of ability and wealth chosen by talent, not birth
• appealed to Evangelical Protestants and upwardly mobile groups
• Northern: advocated for the American system
• Southern: advocated economic development, but not high tariffs and social mobility

• victor at the battle of Tippecanoe
• chose John Tyler to be Vice President

• democratic on economic issues
• hostile towards the second bank and the American system
• split between him and the Whigs allowed for the Democratic party to remain the majority