Chapter 4 Key Terms

-A property that describes the behavior of a substance without reference to any other substance.

-A property that describes the behavior of a substance when it reacts or combines with another substance.

-Anything that has mass and occupies space.

-A fundamental particle of matter that cannot be broken own into simpler substances by chemical means.

-A chart of all the known elements arranged in a systematic fashion.

-The smallest unit of an a element that can exist and still retain its identity as that element.

-A pure substance composed of two or more elements.

-The physical form taken by matter: solid, liquid, or gas.

-A state of matter in which molecules are held closely together by strong attractive forces.

-A state of matter in which the attractive forces are strong enough to allow molecules to be in contact with one another but too weak to hold them rigidly in place.

-A state of matter in which the attractive forces between molecules are weak enough to permit them to move with complete freedom.

-A change of state from a solid directly into a gas.

-A uniform substance separated from other substances by definite visible boundaries.

-The distance between crests of adjacent waves.

-The number of waves that pass a given point per unit of time.

-The separation of light into its component of wavelengths.

-The bending of light into its component of wavelengths.

-Colored light ranging from red to violet in the electromagnetic spectrum.

-The entire range of radiation from the most energetic cosmic rays to the least energetic radio waves.

-A high-energy, short-wavelength form of electromagnetic radiation.

-An acronym for light amplification by stimulating emission of radiation; light that has all its pulsing in usion.

-A discrete particle of electromagnetic radiation.

-The temperature scale that defines the melting point of ice as 32°  and the boiling point of water as 212° , with 180 equal divisions or degrees between.

-The temperature scale that defines the melting point of ice as 0°  and the boiling point of water as 100° , with equal divisions or degrees between.

-The force with which gravity attracts a body.

-A constant property that refers to the amount of matter an object contains.

-A physical property of matter that is equivalent to the mass per unit volume of a substance.

-A property that is not dependent on the size of an object.

-The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to its speed in a given medium.

-A solid in which the constituent atoms have a regular arrangement.

-A solid in which the constituent atoms or molecules are arranged in random or disordered positions.

-Glass to which strength is added by introducing stress through rapid heating and cooling of the glass surfaces.

-Two sheets of ordinary glass bonded together with a plastic film.

-A bright halo observed near the boarder or a particle immersed in a liquid of a different refractive index.

-A crack in a glass that extends outward like the spoke of a wheel from the point at which the glass was struck.

-A crack in a glass that forms a rough circle around the point of impact.