Chapter 5 Vocabulary

passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

small building blocks of proteins released when proteins are digested

enzyme secreted by the pancreas in order to digest starch

terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

blind pouch hanging from the cecum in the RLW; means hanging onto

digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder; breaks up large fat globules

pigment released by liver in the bile

instestine

pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors; AKA: cuspids or eyeteeth

First part of the large intestine

large intestine, consisting of the cecum; the ascending, transverse, or descending segments of the colon and rectum

carries bile from the liver and gallbaldder to the duodenum; AKA: the choledochus

elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

swallowing

the primary material found in teeth; covered by the enamel in the crown and protective layer of cementum in the root

breakdown of complex foods into simpler forms

first part of the small intestine; duo=2, den=10; the duodenum is 1 ft. long

act of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible matierials as feces

physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller ones thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat

hard, outermost layer of a tooth

a chemical process that speeds up a reaction between substances; digestive enzymes break down complex foods to simpler substances; given names that end in -"ase"

tube connecting the throat to the stomach. "Eso-" means inward; "phag/o" means swallowing

substances that are produced when fats are digested

solid wastes; stool

small sac under the liver; stores bile

starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells

substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food

3rd part of the small intestine

one of four front teeth in the dental arch

hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas; transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver

2nd part of the small intestine

pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

a large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen; secrets bile; stores sugar, iron, vitamins; makes blood proteins and destroys worn-out red blood cells; normal adult liver weighs about 2.5-3 lbs

ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach; AKA: cardiac sphincter

chewing

the sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch

the fourth and fifth teeth before the molars

roof of the mouth; hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone (maxilla); soft palate is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat

organ under the stomach; makes insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods)

small, nipple-like elevations on the tongue

salivary gland within the cheek; just anterior to the ear

rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs

throat, common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose

large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

enzyme that digests protein

soft itissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels

ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum; normally closed, but open when a waves of peristalsis passes over it

distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum

last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and anus

ridges on the hard palate and wall of the stomach

digestive juice produced by salivary glands

fourth and last, s-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum

circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus th eparts include: the fundus (proximal section), body (middle section), and antrum (distal section)

fat molecules composed of three part fatty acids & one part glycerol

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream