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abosorption
passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream
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amino acids
small building blocks of proteins released when proteins are digested
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amylase
enzyme secreted by the pancreas in order to digest starch
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anus
terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body
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appendix
blind pouch hanging from the cecum in the RLW; means hanging onto
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bile
digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder; breaks up large fat globules
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bilirubin
pigment released by liver in the bile
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canine teeth
pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors; AKA: cuspids or eyeteeth
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cecum
First part of the large intestine
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colon
large intestine, consisting of the cecum; the ascending, transverse, or descending segments of the colon and rectum
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common bile duct
carries bile from the liver and gallbaldder to the duodenum; AKA: the choledochus
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defecation
elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus
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dentin
the primary material found in teeth; covered by the enamel in the crown and protective layer of cementum in the root
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diestion
breakdown of complex foods into simpler forms
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duodenum
first part of the small intestine; duo=2, den=10; the duodenum is 1 ft. long
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elimination
act of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible matierials as feces
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emulsification
physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller ones thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat
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enamel
hard, outermost layer of a tooth
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enzyme
a chemical process that speeds up a reaction between substances; digestive enzymes break down complex foods to simpler substances; given names that end in -"ase"
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esophagus
tube connecting the throat to the stomach. "Eso-" means inward; "phag/o" means swallowing
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fatty acids
substances that are produced when fats are digested
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feces
solid wastes; stool
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gallbladder
small sac under the liver; stores bile
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glycogen
starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells
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hydrochloric acid
substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food
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ileum
3rd part of the small intestine
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incisor
one of four front teeth in the dental arch
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insulin
hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas; transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver
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jejunum
2nd part of the small intestine
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lipase
pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
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liver
a large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen; secrets bile; stores sugar, iron, vitamins; makes blood proteins and destroys worn-out red blood cells; normal adult liver weighs about 2.5-3 lbs
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lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach; AKA: cardiac sphincter
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molar teeth
the sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch
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premolar teeth
the fourth and fifth teeth before the molars
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palate
roof of the mouth; hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone (maxilla); soft palate is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat
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pancreas
organ under the stomach; makes insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods)
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papillae (singular: papilla)
small, nipple-like elevations on the tongue
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partoid gland
salivary gland within the cheek; just anterior to the ear
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perstalsis
rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs
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pharynx
throat, common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose
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portal vein
large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
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protease
enzyme that digests protein
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pulp
soft itissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels
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pyloric sphincter
ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum; normally closed, but open when a waves of peristalsis passes over it
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pylorus
distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
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rectum
last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and anus
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rugae
ridges on the hard palate and wall of the stomach
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saliva
digestive juice produced by salivary glands
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sigmoid colon
fourth and last, s-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum
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sphincter
circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
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stomach
muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus th eparts include: the fundus (proximal section), body (middle section), and antrum (distal section)
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triglycerides
fat molecules composed of three part fatty acids & one part glycerol
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uvula
soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate
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villi (singular: villus)
microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
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