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what is the difference between ribonucleoside and ribonucleotide
- ribonucleoside: base+ribose
- ribonucleotide: base+ribose+phosphate group
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give an example of ribonucleotide
AMP, GMP, CMP, UMP
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what is PRPP catalyzed by
PRPP synthetase
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what is the first purine formed in the purine metabolic pathway
inosinic acid (IMP)
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3. what is the
IMP + Aspartate + GTP --> ?
what is the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction
- adenylosuccinate
- enzyme: adenylosuccinate synthetase
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what is
adenylosuccinate --> AMP + ?
enzyme that catalyzes this reaction
- fumarate
- enzyme: adenylosuccinase
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IMP+ NAD --> ? + NADH + H
and enzyme that catalyzes this reaction
- XMP
- enzyme: IMP dehydrogenase
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XMP + ? + ATP --> GMP + ? + AMP + PPi
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what molecule activates PRPP amidotransferase
PRPP
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what molecule inactivate PRPP amidotransferase
IMP, GMP, AMP
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what do AMP, GMP competitively inhibit?
- AMP: adenylosuccinate synthetase
- GMP: IMP dehydrogenase
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GTP is required for ___ synthesis
ATP is required for ___ synthesis
- GTP --> AMP synthesis
- ATP --> GMP synthesis
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what are the molecules required for regulating purine biosynthesis
- PRPP amidotransferase
- AMP
- GMP
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what are the enzymes involved in purine degradation
- nucleotidase: purine mononucleotide + H2O --> purine nucleoside + Pi
- deaminase: adenosine + H2O --> inosine + NH4
- purine nucleoside phosphorylase: inoside + Pi --> hypoxanthine + R1P; guanosine + Pi --> guanine + R1P
- guanase: deaminates guanine -->xanthine
- xanthine oxidase: hypoxanthine --> xanthine --> uric acid
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what are the cofactors for the degradation of purines
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how can purine be salvaged
reconverting nucleosides to nucleotides via nucleotide kinases
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what is the disorder caused by deficiency of HGPRT
- lesch-nyhan syndrome which is an X-linked mutation, thus limited to males.
- characterized with aggressive behavior that leads to self mutilation
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what is gout caused by
increased uric acid or decreased renal excretion
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what is the treatment of goat
- allopurinol
- competitively inhibits xanthine oxidase and reduces the formation of uric acid.
- decreasing the formation of kidney stones
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