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What is MI + associated CC?
- Myocardial Infarction = acute blockage of the coronary arteries -> ischemia -> infarct of heart muscle
- CC = chest pain/pressure
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Two ways MI is diagnosed?
- EKG (STEMI)
- elevation in troponin (non-STEMI)
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Scribe alerts for MI
- acute MI patients must receive 324mg of Aspirin ASAP
- STEMI patients must get to cath-lab within 90 min- document ED arrival and depart times
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- narrowing of coronary arteries -> limit blood supply to the heart -> angina
- major risk factor for MI
- CC = chest pain/pressure
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Medications to treat CAD?
blood thinners (aspirin) +vasodilators (nitroglycerin) allow more blood to pass through while also dilating the vessel in general
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How is CAD diagnosed?
cardiac catheterization — positive test
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What is Angina
- chest pain due to heart muscle ischemia
- a symptom of CAD
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What is CHF + associated CC?
- Congestive Heart Failure = heart becomes enlarged, inefficient, and congested with fluid
- CC = shortness of breath, worse with lying flat (orthopnea)
- waking from sleep short of breath (PND - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea)
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What is AFib?
- Atrial Fibrillation = electrical abnormalities in the wirings of the heart causes the top of the heart (atria) to quiver abnormally
- CC = palpitations, fast, pounding, irregular
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How is AFib diagnosed?
- EKG
- irregularly irregular rhythm during physical exam, tachycardia
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What is Pericarditis
Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart causing CP
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What is Pleurisy
Inflammation of the sac surrounding the lungs causing pleuritic CP
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What is Costochondritis
Irritation of the ribs causing CP worsened by pressing on the sternum
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What is Chest Wall Pain
Irritation of the chest wall causing pain with palpation of the chest
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What is Pleural Effusion
fluid collecting around the lungs causing SOB or CP
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What is the cardiac triple threat?
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