scavengers; picking up cholesterol from deposits in the arteries and bringing it back to the liver for disposal; inhibits uptake of LDLs into cells
HDLs
Exercise, moderate ETOH
increase HDLs
Smoking, diabetes or metabolic syndrome (prediabetes)
decrease HDLs
why are increased blood lipids so bad?
cholesterol increases risk of a vascular disease called atherosclerosis.
a condition of thickening and hardening of the vessel wall
Arteriosclerosis
a form of arteriosclerosis caused by accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages within the wall; leads to lesion called plaque; not a single disease but a pathological process
Atherosclerosis
atherosclerotic lesions; earlier stage; normal in children; thin, flat, yellow discolorations that progressively enlarge by becoming thicker and more elevated
fatty streak
Fibrous atheromatous plaque
still reversible
complicated lesion
irreversible organ damage
tend to develop at sites of turbulent flow – near branch points
Atheromas
reversible fatty plaques deposits
Atheromas
Family History; MI before 55 yo in father; MI before 65 yo in mother
risk factors for atheroscerlosis
Age; Men > 45 yo; women > 55 yo; premature menopause
risk for atherosclerosis
Hyperlipidemia
Low HDL (< 40 mg/dL)
High LDL
risk for atherosclerosis
Hypertension (BP > 140/90); current cigarette smoking; DM
risk for atherosclerosis
Reduction in LDL is primary target for __________, particularly for people at risk for CHD
cholesterol-lowering therapy
systemic vascular resistance
BP
“Essential hypertension;” Chronic elevation of BP occurs without evidence of other disease; 90-95% of hypertension
PRIMARY
Elevation of BP occurs from some other disorder; Kidney disease; Chronic renal failure
disorders of adrenocorticoid hormones (pheochromocytoma)