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how old is an infant?
birth to 1year
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how old is a toddler?
1 year to 3 years
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preschool age is how old?
3-6years old
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how old is a school age pediatric
6-12yrs old
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how old is an adolescent?
12-18yrs old
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for infants instead of a head to toe what should you do?
toe to head
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infants sleep up to how many hours a day?
16 hrs
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infants respond usually to what kind of stimuli?
physical
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infants 6-12months old will begin to babble
true/false
true
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what should care giver do while youre assessing the infant?
hold the infant
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what age group is this?
-start walking
-increase injury due to curiosity
-speak 4-6 words
-start talking
-feet to head assessment
toddler
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what age group is this?
-able to use simple language
-walk,run, catch, kick
-toilet trained
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preschool aged3-6 years
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what age group is this?
-begin to act like adults
-begin to understand death
-head to toe assessment
school aged 6-12
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what age is this?
-think abstractly
-knows right from wrong
-physically similarly to adults
-puberty begins
-risk takers
-can be pregnant
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adolescent
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the glottic opening is higher and positioned more anteriorly
true/false
true
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diameter of the trachea is about the size of a __
drinking straw
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infants mainly breath thru what?
-
new born respiratory rate is what?
20-60
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what is the respiratory rate of a teen?
12-20
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pediatric are increased risk for what?
- hypoxia
- -weak lungs
- -weak diaphram
- -fagile
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pediatric gastric disstension can interfer with respiratory rate
true/false
- true
- -push up against diaphram
- -interferes with ventilation
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what is shaken baby syndrome
- -bleeding in subarachnoid
- -burst blood vessels in eyes
- -bulge in the fontanellas
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infants heart rate is what?
160beats/min
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pediatrics compensate for decreased perfusion by constricting the vessels in the skin
true/false
- true
- -signs of vasoconstriction
- -palor(early sign)
- -weak pulse
- -delayed cap refill
- -cool extremities
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pediatric are more prone to GI trauma
true/false
- true
- -bones are less developed
- -provide less protection
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pediatric bones are more stiff than adults
true/false
- false
- -bones are softer due to open growth plates in bones
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bulge in fontanellas is an indication of what?
increased intracranial pressure(increased BP)
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sunken fontanellas is an indication of what?
dehydration(low BP)
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pediatric skin is thinner
true/false
true
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for pediatrics instead of airway,breathing,circulation what would you use
- apearance
- breathing
- circulation
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what nmemonic do you use to determine if the patient is sick
TICLS
- Tone
- Interactiveness
- Consolability
- Look or gaze
- speech or cry
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pediatric signs for increased work of breathing
- -use of abdominal muscles
- -nasal flare
- -head bobbing(bobbing like if youre tired)
- -tripod position
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belly breathing in infants is considered adequate
true/false
true
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for history taking, somthing you should ask is what?
- recent eat, drinking and urination changes
- -not eating or drinking
- -urinating more/less
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what are the hallmark signs for meningitis
- -stiff neck
- -fever
- (buldge fontanella in pediatrics)
- -altered mental status(mainly tiredness)
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racoon eyes and battles signs mean you broke what?
base of skull broken
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how do you figure out a pediatric age appropriate systolic
- 70+(2x pediatric age)
- EX:3yr= 70(2 x 3)= 76
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for pediatrics start CPR at respirations if below what?
60breaths/min
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what is the CPR ratio for infants?
3:1
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what does FBAO stand for?
forgein body airway obstruction
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what are the hall mark for croup?
- sea like barking cough
- stridor
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what are the hall mark signs of epiglotitis?
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to hear lung sounds on a child you should place the stethiscope where?
under armpit or back
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what should you only use if you can see the FBAO and are sure you can remove it
finger sweep
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hallmark signs of asthma are what?
- wheezing
- cyanosis
- tripod position
- -treatment
- o2
- bronchodialator meds
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vocab:status means
persistent
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patients with good ventilation have a high/low CO2?
low
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patients with bad ventilation have a high/low CO2
high
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emphasema hallmark symptoms are
-
pneumonia hallmark symptoms pediatric
- grunting(pink puffer)
- wheezing
- nasal flare
- tachypnea
- dismisnished lung sounds
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treatment at EMT level for croup is what?
humidified O2
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croup is what kind of infection?
virus
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epiglottitis is what kid of infection
bacterial
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bronchiolitis is what?
inflammation in the bronchioles
-
treatment for bronchiolitis are
- position of comfort
- humidified O2
- transport
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vagus nerve stimilates what areas of the body?
- heart
- lungs
- diaphram
- turns GI on
- cough
- gag reflex
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what is the blow by method
- place O2 tube thru a cup, used for pediatrics(kids)
- less effective than face mask or nasal cannula
- -do not provide high flow O2
- -flow at 6Lm
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common causes of shock in pediatrics are what?
- trauma
- dehydration(diarrhea or vomiting)
- severe infection
- allergic reaction
- collapse lung
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late sign of shock in pediatrics is what?
fall in blood pressure
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absence seizure are often misdiagnosed as what?
ADHD(learning disorder, cant focus)
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meningitis when a rash(pepure/petichiae) is a emergency
true/false
true
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what is torticollis?
stiff neck
-
when you push down on the abdomen and the pain subsides, move your hand quickly and the pain comes back.
this is called what?
rebound tenderness
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what is turgor?
elasticity(kinda)
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what drug do you not give pediatrics?
aspirin
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what is the most accurate way to get a patients temp?
rectally
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what is a febrile seizure?
- seizure due to rapid temp change, common in ages 6mons-6years old
- -caused by fevers
- -tonic- clonic activity
- -last 15mins with little to no postictal state
- -non emergency
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you should perform CPR on a person whos body is still warm
true/false
- false
- Warm and dead- person is dead
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what is a greentick fracture
- -in pediatrics
- -when the bone breaks on one side, but doesnt break on the other
- (picture a stick and it bends and bends and bends, evetually snaps on one end but other is bends and doesnt break)
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child abuse is considered as what?
multiple bruises in different stages of healing
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what can be mistaken a bruise?
mongolian spots
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what age group does sudden infant death syndrome often happen in?
under one year old
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ALTE stand for what
apparent life threats
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how do you treat for ALTE
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