Chem ch 6

the ability to do work

what law states that energy can neither be created not destroyed

energy associated with the position of an object relative to a force upon it

energy associated with motion

its value is determined only by the state of the system (defined by the values of variables such as temperature and pressure)

ΔE

law is a practical application of the law of conservation of energy

portion of the universe or the sample of matter being studied

the sum of all the possible forms of energy of all the ions, atoms, and molecules in a system

internal energy is what function

area of chemistry that deals with applying thermodynamic principles to energy changes in chemical reactions

what is defined as the internal energy plus the product of the pressure and volume

ΔH

a reaction where the products are usually colder than the reactants because energy has been absorbed

chemical reaction that releases energy that was stored in the chemical bonds of the reactants

the heat requited to cause a unit rise in the temperature of a unit mass of the substance

what laboratory instrument is used to measure heat flow

heat per unit mass required to melt a substance at its melting point

heat per unit mass absorbed in converting liquid to vapor

heat per unit mass released in converting vapor to liquid

a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system

states that the entropy of the universe is always increasing

if ΔG is negative (-) it has a what process

if ΔG is positive (+) it has a what process