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what is a disorder
a disorder of structure or function inĀ a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs or symptom
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what is the strongest predictor of substance abuse
family genetic history
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old brain
- survival: cravings for food, sex, sleep, etc.
- act: fight or flight
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new brain
- executive functions, reasons, creativity
- applies capacities to meet survival needs in planned, adaptive ways
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what happens when survival is at play
the old brain can override the new brain
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what part of the brain contains the reward/pleasure center
the limbic system
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Go! system
- old brain sends off these impulses
- rewards things needed for survival:
- drug use (more dopamine)
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Stop! system
- shuts down go system when situation is rectified or deed is met
- stops system is in the prefrontal cortex
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how do drugs alter the stop go system
with drugs the Go signal responds so strongly that it can disable to stop signal (prefrontal cortex)
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Function of the biggest region of the "brain"
executive functioning (stop)
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function of the middle portion of the "brain"
emotional processing and memory formation
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function of the smaller/lower part of the "brain"
basic life functions
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The limbic reward system
just remember this
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endogenous vs. exogenous
made inside the body vs. outside the body
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origin of neurotransmitters
- enodgenous- dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, GABA, and others
- exogenous- false neuros that come from outside the body
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GABA
endogenous neuro that is inhibitory and slows down nervous processes
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nucleus accumbens
- middle brain
- plays role in processing motivation, pleasure, reward, and reinforcement learning
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anterior cingulate cortex
- middle/top brain
- involved in rational cognitive function
- reward anticipation, decision-making, empathy, impulse control, emotion
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amygdalae
- part of limbic system
- plays role in formation and storage of emotional learning, decision making, and fear response
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VTA
- in the lower brain
- ventral tegmental area
- origin of dopaminergic cell bodies
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function of the prefrontal cortex in relation to impulses
- it catches all the impulses
- delay of gratification
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what parts of the brain are majorly affected by substance abuse
prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, VTA, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala
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how can we measure blood in the brain
- single photon emission computed tomography
- SPECT
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