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fibrous envelope enclosing a synovial joint
articular capsule
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joint in which two bones are joined by hyaline cartilage
symphysis
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lubricant and nutrient compound found within synovial joints
synovial fluid
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joining together of two midline bones in the body by a plate of fibrocartilage
synchondrosis
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fluid-containing sacs that are interposed between sliding surfaces to reduce friction
bursae
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fibrocartilaginous disk pad located between the ends of bones in some synovial joins
meniscus
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synovial
freely moving joints
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cartilaginous
limited or slightly moveable joints
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two classifications of joints
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ball and socket aka
spheroid
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central ray is angled longitudinally with the long axis of the body
axial
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central ray enters the anterior body surface and exits the posterior body surface
AP
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central ray enters the posterior body surface and exits the anterior body surface
PA
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central ray enters the side or lateral aspect of the body or body part and exits the other side
lateral
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central ray enters the body or body part from a side angle into the anterior or posterior surface of the body
oblique
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central ray is directed toward the outer margin of a curved body to profile a body part and project it free of superimposition
tangential
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upright position
erect or marked by a vertical position
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Fowler's position
lying supine with the head higher than the feet
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recumbent position
lying down in any position
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Trendelenburg's position
lying supine with the head lower than the feet
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prone (ventral recumbent) position
lying face down
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supine (dorsal recumbent) position
lying on the back
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4 body planes
- midsagittal
- coronal
- transverse
- oblique
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sagittal
any plane passing vertically through the body from front to back and dividing the body into right and left
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oblique
any plane passing vertically through the body from any angle of the 3 planes
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coronal
divides the body into anterior and posterior
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horizontal (transverse)
the plane passes crosswise through the body dividing it into superior and inferior
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5 body cavities
- thoracic
- abdominopelivc
- pleural
- pericardial
- pelvik
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9 abdomen regions
- right/left hypochondrium
- epigastrium
- right/left lateral
- umbilical
- right/left ingunal
- hypogastrum
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types of bones
- flat
- long
- short
- irregular
- sesamoid
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C5 marks
thyroid cartilage
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C7, T1 marks
vertebral prominens
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T1 marks
2" above jugular notch
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T2, T3 marks
level of jugular notch
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T4, T5 marks
level of sternal angle
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T7 marks
level of inferior angles of scapulae
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T9, T10 marks
level of xiphoid process
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L2, L3 marks
inferior costal margin
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L4, L5 marks
level of superiormost aspect of iliac crests
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S1, S2 marks
level of anterior superior iliac spine
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Coccyx marks
level of pubic symphysis and greater trochanters
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4 types of habitus
- sthenic 50%
- Hyposthenic 35%
- asthenic 10%
- Hypersthenic 5%
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# of bones in the body
- 206 total
- axial 80
- 126 appendicular
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fossa
pit, fovea, or hollow
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sinus
recess, groove, cavity, or hollow space
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sulcus
furrow, trench, or fissurelike depression
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groove
shallow, linear, depression
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foramen
hole in a bone for transmission of blood vessels and nerves
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closed fracture
not breaking the skin
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displaced fracture
serious; bones are not in anatomic alignment
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nondisplaced fracture
bone retains its normal alignment
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open fracture
serious; broken bone or bones project through the skin
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head
expanded end of the long bone
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horn
hornlike process on a bone
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facet
small, smooth-surfaced process for articulation
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styloid
long, pointed process
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tubercle
small, rounded, elevated process
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condyle
rounded process at an articular extremity
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hamulus
hook-shaped process
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coracoid
beaklike process
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malleolus
club-shaped process
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trochanter
large, rounded, elevated process located at the junction of the neck and shaft of the femur
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tuberosity
large, rounded, elevated process
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epicondyle
projection above a condyle
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protuberance
bony projection
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