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what are the classes of molecules
- lipids: fuel, membrane structure
- carbohydrates: fuel, storage, cell-cell recognition
- proteins: enzymes, fuel
- nucleic acids: genetic information storage and transfer
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what are the types of lipids
- triaglycerols
- phospholipids
- steroids
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what is the structure and bond in a triaglycerol
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what is the structure of a phospholipid and bond?
where are phospholipids commonly found in the body?
- bond: ester bond, formed between a glycerol and phosphoric acid
- hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail
- forms lipid bilayer membrane, where hydrophillic heads are exposed to the outside and hydrophobic tails remain internally. The formation is driven by lipid bilayer membrane
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describe the structure of steroid, give an example
- ring structure
- ex. cholesterol
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what are the characteristics of carbohydrates
- they are sugars
- water soluble
- glucose is the most abundant and forms glycogen (storage)
- most natural sugars in the D-form
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what are the characteristics of proteins
- polymers of amino acids
- enzymes
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what are nucleic acids
- DNA/RNA
- information storage and transfer
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what is pKa
pH at which the acid or base is half protonated and half deprotonated
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what is the henderson hasselbach equation
pH = pKa + log[A-]/[HA]
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what are examples of simple monosaccharides
- glucose
- maltose
- lactose
- sucrose
- fructose
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describe the hydrophillic nature of carbohydrates in terms of hydrogen bonding
- all OH groups will hydrogen bond, including OH group on carboxylic acid
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